Johann Deodat flower rust

Johann Deodat Blumentrost (also: Johannes Theodor Blumentrost , Russian Иван Лаврентьевич Блюментрост and Иоганн Деодатус Блюментрост * August 5 ^{. Jul} / 15. August  1676 ^greg. In Moscow ; † 11. March 1756 in Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian physician.

Life

Johannes Deodatus was the son of the Russian personal physician Laurentius Blumentrost the Elder and his second wife Cäcilia Röver (used Beermann). After initial training by his father, he received financial support from Tsar Peter the Great to complete his studies at European universities. In 1697 he therefore traveled to Germany, where he first began studying medicine at the University of Königsberg . The teaching staff at the medical faculty in Königsberg at that time were Georg Wosegin , Friedrich Lepner , Johann Heinrich Starcke and Gottfried Sand . He is also likely to have followed the science lectures at the philosophical faculty with Paul Rabe (philosopher) and Andreas Hedio . After defending the medical treatise Exercitatico practica sistens Medicum castrensem exercitui Moscovitarum praefectum in Königsberg in 1700 , he moved to the University of Halle . Here he enrolled on January 4, 1701 and was accepted into Friedrich Hoffmann 's house. He also attended the lectures of Georg Ernst Stahl and received his doctorate on January 27, 1702 with the thesis De pulsuum theoria et praxi as a doctor of medicine. After visiting Herman Boerhaave at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands , Blumentrost returned to Moscow via Archangel.

Here he was initially given the post of Russian field and court physician to Tsar Peter. In this capacity he was used in the Great Northern War in the Baltic States at Narva and Dorpat. In 1718, as his personal physician (archiater), he was given the task of supreme supervisor over the entire Russian medical system, which activity was fixed in writing by ukase from February 14, 1722 and associated with a salary of 3000 rubles per year. As early as 1719, Blumentrost had submitted a draft to the tsar for the reform of the medical administration in Russia, which had the effect of introducing a central authority. Blumentrost himself took over their management and reorganized the pharmacy. Blumentrost was also appointed a real Council of State in 1722. Tsar Peter's reforms also included a reform of the Russian educational landscape. In 1724, the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences was founded in St. Petersburg , of which Blumentrost became a founding member and first secretary. For this purpose he corresponded with a large number of European scholars and tried to win them over to the newly founded University of St. Petersburg .

If flower rust efforts under the government of Tsar Peter and his wife Katharina were still successful, this changed when Tsarina Anna took office . Court intrigues in particular ensured that he was ousted from his offices in 1730. In 1731 he was finally released and part of his property was confiscated. Therefore he first moved to Moscow, to his house there. However, in a fire in 1737 he also lost this last possession. He therefore moved back to St. Petersburg, where he had to spend the last years of his life in meager circumstances.

In 1714 Blumentrost married Agatha Westhof (used Gottfried Klemm and Johann Rudolf Poppe; † 1745), the daughter of the Moscow merchant Paul Westhof. From this marriage comes a son who died young. After the death of his first wife, he married Charlotta Magdalena Struve (born June 2, 1717 in Jena; † August 17, 1759 in Narva), the daughter of Ernst Gotthold Struve , in 1747 . The daughter Maria Elisabeth Blumentrost (born November 28, 1747 in St. Petersburg; † December 29, 1775 ibid) comes from the marriage, who met Friedrich Johann von Gersdorff (1735, † 25th April 1774 in St. Petersburg) on ​​April 29, 1774. March 1805) married.

literature

• Wilhelm Michael von Richter: History of Medicine in Russia. NS Wsewolojsky, Moscow, 1815, 2nd vol. P. 312, ( online ) and Moscow 1817, 3rd vol., P. 162, ( online )
• Maximilian von Heine . The Archiatrists of Russia . In: Medicinische Zeitung Russlands , Petersburg , 4th year (1847), pp. 214-216 (digitized version )
• August Hirsch : Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig, Vol. 1, p. 492
• Sabine Dumschat: Foreign Medicines in Moscow Russia. Franz Steiner Verlag, Munich, 2006, ISBN 9783515085120 , p. 568