Johann Friedrich Starck

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johann Friedrich Starck

Johann Friedrich Starck , often also Stark (born October 10, 1680 in Hildesheim , † July 17, 1756 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a Lutheran theologian and one of the most widely read writers of his time. His pietistic edification writings and hymns saw numerous editions.

Life

Starck was born in Hildesheim as the son of a master baker from Frankfurt. After attending grammar school in his hometown, from 1702 he studied theology at the University of Gießen with Johann Heinrich May the Elder. Ä. and Johann Ernst Gerhard d. J. The Giessen University was a center of Pietism. Starck completed his studies on November 3, 1706 with a dissertation and then took a position as private tutor in Frankfurt am Main. In 1709 he was appointed as a deacon to the German Protestant community in Geneva , where he stayed until 1711. After a short study trip to Paris , he returned to Frankfurt as a private tutor in 1712, where he was accepted into the family of the city schoolmaster Johann Christoph von Ochsenstein . From 1715 to 1723 he was pastor at the Dreikönigskirche in Sachsenhausen , from 1723 at the Barfüßerkirche , the main Protestant church in the city. On October 23, 1742 he was appointed consistorial president and Sunday preacher at the Hospital Church of the Holy Spirit . He died of pneumonia at the age of 76.

family

Starck married the twenty-year-old Katharina Reuss (died 1747) in Frankfurt in 1717 , a daughter of the businessman Johann Martin Reuss. Of their seven children, two survived:

Works

Starck belonged to a wing of pietism that represented the traditions of the Lutheran church. This exposed him to criticism from radical pietist circles. His main work is the edification publication Daily Handbook in Good and Bad Days, first published in 1728 . With her he became one of the most widely read authors of his time. The book was distributed in more than 60 editions. (1906 a reprint was published by Heinr Feesche, Hanover with the indication "174th edition"!) It contained encouragement (i.e. brief biblical considerations), prayers and chants in six sections: for the healthy, for the sad, for the sick, for the dying, for pregnant women as well as for women giving birth and women who have recently given birth. He also composed around 1,000 hymns, which were no longer included in the church hymn books by the beginning of the 20th century.

Sermons, songs and writings:

  • The fire called by God, but quenched at the intercession of the Prophet, from Amos, April 7, 6, Frankfurt a. M. 1719
  • Pastoral letter. Frankfurt a. M. 1720
  • D. Ph. Spener's Catechism Tables. Berlin 1725
  • D. Ph. J. Spener's exercise of Christianity, taken mostly from his writings, to explain the idioms: old man; new person; Denial of oneself; walking according to the spirit etc. Frankfurt a. M. 1726
  • Daily manual in good and bad days, for the healthy, the afflicted, the sick and the dying. Frankfurt a. M. 1727, 1734, 1738, 1790
  • Exercise of Christianity, or instruction on how to become a true Christian, drawn from blessed Spener's writings. Frankfurt a. M. 1730
  • Well-intentioned shepherd's call to the little sheep, who separate themselves from the public church assembly and from the Lord's Supper. Frankfurt a. M. 1730
  • Rescue of the shepherd's call etc. Frankfurt a. M. 1731
  • Commentarius in Prophetam Ezehielem in quo 1) scopos et verus, ut totius capitis, sic et cujusque versus ex sacris fontibus eruitur sensus, additis interpretum explicatiombus; 2) membra versuum sejunguntur, ut emphasis cujusque phraseos eo melius elucescat; 3) Doctrinae ad cognitionem veritatis et praxin pietatis cuilibet versui annectuntur; collatis fideliter post nostra les et S. Hieronymi in Ezechielem expositionibus, Poli, Cocceji aliororoque, tum Pradi et Maldonati et Cornelii a Lapide commentationibus, tum Haffenrefferi et Villalpandi de templo Ezechielis meditarionibus; inspersis copiosissime, quae ad Criticam, Historiam et Antiquitatem pertinent. Omnia ad gloriam Dei et proximi aedificationem destinata; cum indice triplici et praefatione Jo. Geo. Pritii, SS. Theol D. et Ministerii Francof. Senioris. Frankfurt a. M. 1731
  • An admonition to examine himself, as a salvation of his well-intentioned pastoral call, is given to a craftsman who considers himself enlightened and therefore mocks church, baptism, communion and the preaching office. Frankfurt a. M. 1731
  • Thorough teaching to the children of God why they should diligently and reverently attend public worship and Holy Communion. Frankfurt a. M. 1732
  • Warning of isolation from church meetings and from Holy Communion, as well as doctrines. Frankfurt a. M. 1733
  • The reason for the segregation of the so-called separatists from the public church assembly and from the Holy Communion, contrary to the reasons for segregation, which are spread in the 6th part of the spiritual fama, as well as the answer to the correspondence from the reason for wishes and St. Thomas at Christianstadt. Frankfurt a. M. 1733
  • Communion book, or the devout soul in the confessional and at the Holy Communion. Frankfurt a. M., 4th ed. Ibid. 1736, 12th ed. Ibid. 1788
  • Ph. J. Spener's god-sanctified singing school or its catechism and pritii introduction tables, written in bound speech. Frankfurt a. M. 1733
  • Blessing words for scornful words to the souls dearly bought by Jesus Christ, who separate from the public church assembly and the holy communion. Frankfurt a. M. 1734
  • Frankfurt Passion devotions, ie doctrines of faith, life and consolation, from the story of the suffering and death of Jesus Christ. Frankfurt a. M. 1735
  • The true newness of souls, from Revelation. 21, 5; when the main church has been renovated, a sermon. Frankfurt a. M. 1736
  • Collection of biblical sayings taken from Tauler's, Arnd's, and Scriver's writings. Frankfurt a. M. 1738
  • Sermons of the Lord's Supper, as instituted by Christ himself, and as Christians should worthily emphasize. Frankfurt a. M. 1740, 2nd parts
  • Practice catechetica or catechism for adults. Frankfurt a. M. 1740
  • Edifying Sunday and feast day devotions, i.e. doctrines of faith, life and comfort from the Gospels. Nuremberg 1742, 1785
  • Morning and evening devotions by pious Christians for every day in the year, such as those flow from the source of the divine word, in which living Christianity, as a true Christian should be inwardly and outwardly before God and man, is described, with a preface, Lord DSJ Baumgarten's. Frankfurt a. M. 1744, 1755
  • Awakening speeches on piety, along with an appendix of seven reflections on Luc. 13, 24. Frankfurt a. M. 1746
  • Reasons to awaken the joy of dying are established on every day of the month. Nuremberg 1748–1752, 3rd parts
  • New songs. Frankfurt a. M. 1750
  • Selected celebratory sermons on important passages of holy scriptures, old and new covenants Frankfurt a. M. 1754
  • Cross and Consolation School; in contemplation and prayers, along with morning, evening prayers and songs. Nuremberg 1754
  • Explanation of the story of the suffering of Jesus Christ. Frankfurt a. M. 1762
  • Daily prayer booklet for pregnant women and those giving birth. Frankfurt a. M., 2nd ed. Ibid. 1777
  • God-sanctified heart and life of a true Christian, or rules of life, such as the true inner piety of the heart must be revealed externally in words and works. Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1764
  • All of the songs that have never been printed and that came out piece by piece in 1767 as a weekly newspaper for edification. Collected and edited by (his son) M. Johann Jakob Stark, preacher of the main church in St. Catharines in Frankf. a. M. Frankfurt a. M. 1768

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Starck, Johann Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stark, Johann Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lutheran theologian and pietist writer of edification
DATE OF BIRTH October 10, 1680
PLACE OF BIRTH Hildesheim , Germany
DATE OF DEATH July 17, 1756
Place of death Frankfurt am Main , Germany