List of rulers of Hungary
This list includes the kings of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1001 and of predecessor areas from around 890.
| German name | Hungarian name | gender | from | to | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The territory of Hungary initially consisted of tribal principalities. Only from Géza can one speak of a unified Hungarian state, only then is there a reliable source and data situation. | |||||
| Árpád | Árpád | Árpáden | around 890 (?) | after 900 | until 903 probably next to Kursan , Kende and Gyula (disputed, the latter two could only be titles from Arpád and Kursan according to other sources) |
| Szabolcs | Szabolcs | after 900 | at 947 (?) | controversial, according to other sources Tarhos ruled instead until around 947, then Zoltán or only Zoltán until around 947; Szabolcs was a close relative of Árpád, probably his nephew, uncle, brother or cousin | |
| Fajsz | Fajsz (Fales, Falitzi, Falics) | Árpáden | at 947 (?) | around 955 | |
| Taksony | Taksony | Árpáden | around 955 | at 971 | (Grand) Prince |
| Géza | Géza | Árpáden | at 971 | around 997 | Grand Duke |
| Stephan I, the saint |
I. István (Szent István) |
Árpáden | 997 | 1038 | Grand Duke until the turn of the year 1000/1001, then first King of Hungary. Pope Silvester II awarded the King of Hungary the title of Apostolic King in the year 1000 . The kings from the house of Árpád are therefore called "Apostolic Kings". |
| Peter Orseolo | (Orseolo) Péter | Orseolo | 1038 | 1041 | |
| Sámuel Aba | Aba Sámuel | Aba | 1041 | 1044 | |
| Peter Orseolo | (Orseolo) Péter | Orseolo | 1044 | 1046 | |
| Domoslav | Domosló (Domoslaus) | Árpáden | 1042 | 1042 | in fact only ruled in what is now western Slovakia |
| Andreas I. |
I. Endre and I. András |
Árpáden | 1046 | 1060/1061 | |
| Béla I. | I. Béla | Árpáden | 1060/1061 | 1063 | |
| Solomon | Salamon | Árpáden | 1063 | 1074 | |
| Géza I. | I. Géza | Árpáden | 1074 | 1077 | Counter-king: Solomon (1074-1081) |
| Ladislaus I, the saint |
I. László (Szent László) |
Árpáden | 1077 | 1095 | |
| Koloman | (Könyves) Kálmán | Árpáden | 1095 | 1116 | |
| Stephan II | II. Istvan | Árpáden | 1116 | 1131 | |
| Béla II. | II. Béla | Árpáden | 1131 | 1141 | |
| Géza II. | II. Géza | Árpáden | 1141 | 1162 | |
| Stephan III. | III. Istvan | Árpáden | 1162 | 1172 | ruled from 1162 to 1163 in fact only in Pressburg and the surrounding area |
| Ladislaus II. | II. László | Árpáden | 1162 | 1163 | |
| Stephan IV. | IV. István | Árpáden | 1163 | 1163 | |
| German name | Hungarian name | gender | from | to | Remarks |
| Béla III. | III. Béla | Árpáden | 1172 | 1196 | |
| Emmerich | Imre | Árpáden | 1196 | 1204 | 1203 Donation of large estates to Heiligenkreuz Abbey |
| Ladislaus III. | III. László | Árpáden | 1204 | 1205 | |
| Andrew II |
II. András or II. Endre |
Árpáden | 1205 | 1235 | |
| Béla IV. | IV. Béla | Árpáden | 1235 | 1270 | From 1262–1270, Stephan V ruled primarily in the eastern part of the kingdom . |
| Stephan V. | V. István | Árpáden | 1270 | 1272 | |
| Ladislaus IV. | IV. László | Árpáden | 1272 | 1290 | |
| Andrew III |
III. András or III. Endre |
Árpáden | 1290 | 1301 | |
| Ladislaus V. (or Wenzel) |
Vencel (or V. László) |
Premyslids | 1301 | 1305 | |
| Bela V. ( Otto of Bavaria ) | I. Ottó | Wittelsbacher | 1305 | 1307/1308 | |
| Charles I. | I. Károly (Károly Róbert) | Anjou | 1307/1308 | 1342 | |
| Ludwig I, the great | I. (Nagy) Lajos | Anjou | 1342 | 1382 | |
| Maria | Maria | Anjou | 1382 | 1385 | |
| Charles II | II. Károly | Anjou | 1385 | 1386 | |
| Sigismund | (Luxemburgi) Zsigmond | Luxembourger | 1387 | 1437 | |
| Albrecht | Albert | Habsburgs | 1437 | 1439 | |
| Elisabeth | Erzsébet | Luxembourger | 1439 | 1440 | ruled as Albrecht's widow only semi-officially |
| Vladislav I. | I. Ulászló | Jagiellonian | 1440 | 1444 | Opposite king: Ladislaus V. Postumus |
| Ladislaus V. Postumus | V. Utószülött ( Posztumusz ) László | Habsburgs | 1440/1453 | 1457 | Opposite king until 1444: Ladislaus I (Ulászló I) . In fact, Elisabeth (1440–1442) and Friedrich III ruled instead of Postumus . (1442–1444), then anarchy (1444–1445) and rule of a seven-member aristocratic captainate (1445–1446). Most recently Johann Hunyadi ruled as imperial administrator (1446–1453). |
| Matthias Corvinus | I. Mátyás or Hunyadi Mátyás | Hunyadi | 1458 | 1490 | |
| Vladislav II. | II. Ulászló | Jagiellonian | 1490 | 1516 | |
| Ludwig II. | II. Lajos | Jagiellonian | 1516 | 1526 | |
| Ludwig II died in 1526 in the battle of Mohács . After a subsequent civil war (1527–1538) between the Habsburgs and Johann Zápolya as well as the conquest of Buda by the Turks (1541), the Kingdom of Hungary lost part of its territory to the Ottoman Empire (see Sultans of the Ottoman Empire ) and another to the Principality of Transylvania under Ottoman suzerainty (see list of the Princes of Transylvania ). The rest of the kingdom became part of the Habsburg Empire under the name "Royal Hungary". It was not until 1691, then definitely in the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 and 1718, that the Kingdom of Hungary was reunited under Habsburg suzerainty. | |||||
| German name | Hungarian name | gender | from | to | Remarks |
| Johann Zápolya |
Szapolyai János or I. János |
Zápolya | 1526 | 1540 | from 1538 only in the eastern part of the kingdom; Opposite king: Ferdinand I. |
| Johann Sigismund Zápolya | Szapolyai János Zsigmond or II. János | Zápolya | 1540 | 1570 | Opposite king: Ferdinand I. |
| Ferdinand I. | I. Ferdinand | Habsburgs | 1526 | 8 Sep 1563 | 1538–1540 only in the western part of the kingdom; Opposing king: Johann Zápolya |
| Maximilian | Miksa | Habsburgs | 8 Sep 1563 | 1576 | Coronation in Pressburg |
| Rudolf | II. Rudolf | Habsburgs | 1576 | 1608 | |
| Matthias II | II. Mátyás | Habsburgs | 1608 | 1619 | |
| Ferdinand II. | II. Ferdinánd | Habsburgs | 1619 | 1637 | Proclamation by the Estates: May 16, 1617, coronation: July 1, 1618
Counter-king: Gabriel Bethlen (1619–1621) |
| Ferdinand III. | III. Ferdinánd | Habsburgs | 1637 | 1657 | |
| Ferdinand IV. Was 1647 during the reign of Ferdinand III. crowned king, but died before the death of Ferdinand III. and therefore never entered government. | |||||
| Leopold I. | I. Lipot | Habsburgs | 1657 | 1705 | Counter-king in Upper Hungary : Emmerich Thököly (1682–1685) |
| Joseph I. | I. József | Habsburgs | 1705 | 1711 | Opposite king: Franz II. Rákóczi (1705–1711) (as "Prince" of the Kingdom of Hungary) |
| Charles III | III. Károly | Habsburgs | 1711 | 1740 | |
| Maria Theresa | Mária Terézia | Habsburgs | 1740 | 1780 | |
| Joseph II | II. József | Habsburgs | 1780 | 1790 | |
| Leopold II. | II. Lipót | Habsburgs | 1790 | 1792 | |
| Franz I. | Ferenc | Habsburgs | 1792 | 1835 | |
| Ferdinand V. | V. Ferdinánd | Habsburgs | 1830 | 1848 | |
| Franz Joseph I. | I. Ferenc József | Habsburgs | 1848 | 1916 | crowned 1867 |
| Charles IV | IV. (Boldog) Károly | Habsburgs | 1916 | 1918 | Proclamation of a republic in 1918 and a soviet republic on March 21, 1919 |
| 1920 | 1921 | Formal restoration of the monarchy by imperial administrator Miklós Horthy on March 1, 1920. After Charles tried two times to actually restore royal rule, the House of Habsburg was deposed in 1921. | |||
| After the Habsburgs were ousted, the monarchy was formally in place until 1946 without a king or heir apparent. Imperial administrator Miklós Horthy represented the vacant royal throne until 1944. |
title
Pope Silvester II awarded the kings of Hungary the title of " Apostolic King " in the year 1000 . The salutation " Apostolic Majesty ", which the Austrian emperors used until 1918, can be traced back to this.