Fajsz
Fajsz was the son of Jutas, Árpád 's fourth son. According to the seniority principle, he was Hungarian Grand Duke (Kende) from 948 to 955 .
Domination
About the life of Árpáden Fajsz only the events during his brief reign from 948 to 955 , but lasting for the further course of Hungarian history , have been handed down. The main source is Anonymus , who around 1190 as a chronicler and notary Bélas III. worked.
The East Franconian King Otto I subjugated Bohemia between 946 and 950. Boleslav , Duke of Bohemia, submitted to the suzerainty of the Ottonians and paid him annual tributes until his death (972) . Otto succeeded in conquering Northern Italy as early as 951, and the widowed East Frankish king soon married the former Queen of Italy, Adelheid , and has since ruled as King of Italy. With this, the Hungarians lost important allies on the one hand, and their staging areas for their raids into eastern or western France on the other. Because until his submission, Boleslav I tolerated the Hungarian military expeditions through Bohemia, as did the former Italian king from 942 onwardsHugo von Arles gave the Hungarians the passage through his territories.
Otto I, on the other hand, vigorously denied the Hungarians their raids to the west and Fajsz only received tributes from Byzantium and Bulgaria , which, however, no longer covered the material needs of the grand prince, the tribal princes and the armed retinue. The Hungarian upper class was therefore in an existential crisis and had to find new ways to secure their power.
As early as 948, Fajsz "Karchas" sent Bulcsú , the third highest Hungarian dignitary, and Tormás (935–975), a great-grandson of Arpad, to Constantinople to conclude a peace treaty with Byzantium. Bulcsú and Tormás were baptized Porphyrogennetos by the Emperor Constantine VII , the former was given the title of "patrician" , the latter was given the title of "friend" . The Hungarians were converted to Christianity not only for religious but also for political reasons, as Byzantium needed a strong ally against the Bulgarians.
As a result of the successful raids of the Bavarian Duke Heinrich , the younger brother of Otto I, on western Hungary, Fajsz was forced to renew the five-year peace treaty with Byzantium. For this reason, the second highest dignitary of the Hungarians, the Gyula - probably Prince Zombor († around 960), Harka's son - traveled to Byzantium, on the one hand, to renew the peace treaty and, on the other, to promote the conversion of the Hungarians according to the Greek rite. The contract was renewed, the Gyula was baptized by the emperor and Byzantium sent other Greek or Slavic priests to Hungary.
The rapidly advancing conversion of Hungarians to (Orthodox) Christianity came to a standstill as early as 954, when the rebels in the East Franconian Empire around Liudolf von Schwaben - son of Otto I - and Konrad the Red - son-in-law of Otto I - asked the Hungarians for help against theirs King asked. Just one year later, Bavarian nobles led the (West) Hungarian army under Bulcsús leadership into the East Franconian Empire. However, on August 10, 955, the East Franconian army defeated the Hungarians in the battle on the Lechfeld near Augsburg and the Hungarian commanders Bulcsú, Lél and Sur were executed a little later in Regensburg .
As a result of the defeat on the Lechfeld, a political change was initiated in Hungary in 955. Fajsz, who had probably adopted (Orthodox) Christianity himself, was made politically responsible for the defeat and replaced as Grand Duke of Hungarians by Zoltan's son Taksony . His further fate is unknown. His family and his followers, but also those of Bulcsús, des Léls and des Surs, were ousted by any political power, so that since 955 only the descendants of Tarho, Árpád's second eldest son and above all the descendants of Zoltán, Árpád's youngest son, have been political Wielded power in Hungary.
According to the information received from Otto I about the extent of the Hungarian defeat, Constantine VII stopped all tribute payments . Since 957 he had to pay tribute to the Grand Duchess Olga and initiated the conversion of the Kievan Rus to (Orthodox) Christianity. The new rulers of Hungary turned away from Byzantium and sought a compromise with the East Franconian Empire.
The descendants of Arpad
from György Györffy, King Stephen the Holy, p. 54, (in brackets = Greek name)
Arpad
- Levente (Liüntika)
- Tarhos (Tarkatzu)
- Tevel (Tebeli)
- Tormás (Termatzu)
- Tevel (Tebeli)
- Ülló (Jelech)
- Tas (Tases)
- Jutas (Jutotza)
- Fajsz (Fales)
- Zolta (Zaltasz)
see also: Stammliste der Árpáden
literature
- György Györffy: King Stephen the Holy ; translated by Marika Knopp; Corvina Verlag Budapest, 1988; ISBN 963-13-2182-7
- Helmut Beumann: The Ottonians ; Verlag W. Kohlhammer Stuttgart Berlin Cologne; 4th edition 1997; ISBN 3-17-014802-8
- Johannes; Thurn, Hans (Ed.): Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum (Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae Series Berolinensis 5) , Berlin 1973, p. 239. (gr.)
- Constantinos; Moravcsik, Gyula (ed.): De administrando imperio (Magyar-görög tanulmányok 29) , Budapest 1949, chap. 40, 45-65
- Madgearu, Alexandru: The Mission of Hierotheos: Location and Significance , in: Byzantinoslavica - Revue International des Etudes Byzantines 2008, 119–138
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Zoltán or Szabolcs |
Grand Duke of Hungary 948–955 |
Taksony |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Fajsz |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Grand Duke of Hungary |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 10th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | 10th century |