Anton (Brabant)

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The coat of arms of Duke Anton von Brabant. The coat of arms was created from the combination of the coat of arms of the duchies of Brabant and Limburg with the coat of arms of Philip II from the House of Valois-Burgundy
Map of the dominion of the House of Burgundy as a side branch of the Valois under the three sons of Philip II ( John I of Burgundy, Anton of Brabant and Philip of Nevers )

Anton of Burgundy , even Anton of Brabant called (* 1. August 1384 , † 25. October 1415 in the Battle of Agincourt ), was from 1393 to 1406 , Count of Rethel , 1406-1415 Duke of Brabant , 1404-1415 Duke of Limburg and from 1411 to 1415 Duke of Luxembourg . He was a younger son of Philip the Bold , Duke of Burgundy , and his wife Margarete , Countess of Flanders , Rethel and Nevers .

Life

1393 to 1402

Anton of Burgundy received the County of Rethel from his father in 1393 as apanage , which he passed on to his brother Philipp in 1406. In the same year, Philip the Bold suggested to the estates in Brabant that the inheritance of childless Johanna von Brabant should not be transferred to her niece, Philip's wife Margarethe, but to his second son Anton. In 1396, the Duke of Burgundy succeeded in getting his son Anton eligible for the duchies of Brabant and Limburg, as their landlady needed Philip's help in her dispute with William I of Geldern over possessions in North Brabant. The twelve-year-old Anton then traveled to Brabant to see his great-aunt, who wanted to get to know her heir.

Anton of Burgundy married Johanna, a daughter of Walram III, in 1402. of Luxemburg, who continued to be an important political ally of his son-in-law after the early death of his daughter in 1407.

1403 to 1407

The Burgundian-Brabant Agreement was recognized by the estates in 1403. After the death of Philip the Bold in April 1404, the power of government in Burgundy was divided. Margarethe administered the counties of Flanders, Artois and Burgundy, Johann Ohnefurcht was given the duchy of Burgundy and the county of Nevers. Anton received the Duchy of Limburg and was appointed Governor of Brabant. After Margaret's death in March 1405, Johann Ohnefurcht took over the inheritance from his mother, Anton was confirmed in his rights and her younger brother Philipp received the counties of Nevers and Rethel.

Johann Ohnefurcht and Anton signed an alliance agreement on July 21, 1405. Anton now made a name for himself alongside Wilhelm of Holland and Hainaut , Johann von Lüttich and Wilhelm von Namur as an important political assistant to his brother and succeeded his great-aunt, who died on December 1, 1406, as Duke of Brabant. After an initial dispute with the Brabant estates, he accepted the “ Joyeuse Entreé ” and modernized the government based on the Burgundian-French model. The young duke founded the Chamber of Accounts ( chambre des comptes ) as early as July 1406 and tried with its help to reorganize and refurbish the state finances. However, due to the Burgundian foreign policy, Anton's financial policy was unsuccessful. In the battles between Ludwig von Orléans and Johann Ohnefurcht, Anton stood on the side of his brother, but he intervened several times as a mediator between the two feuding dukes.

1408 to 1415

Johann Ohnefurcht and Anton concluded an alliance with the Bohemian King Wenceslaus IV in Paris on August 20, 1408, which was strengthened on July 16, 1409 with the wedding between Anton von Brabant and Elisabeth von Görlitz, Wenceslas niece. With this marriage, Anton von Brabant acquired the right to lien in the Duchy of Luxembourg. He then conquered the cities of Montmedy, Dampvillers, Orchimont and Ivoix, which had been pledged to the Duke of Orléans, and put his former father-in-law Walram III there. of Luxembourg as governor. However, a little later, Wenceslaus IV forced the Duke of Brabant to vacate these cities again. The Duke of Brabant's ill-considered policies led to the Armagnac and Bourguignons civil war spreading to Brabant, Limburg and Luxembourg. It also initiated the break between the House of Burgundy and the Roman King Ruprecht . In 1411 Anton took part in the conquest of Ham at the side of his brother Johann .

Anton von Brabant and Elisabeth von Görlitz were given lien over the Duchy of Luxembourg in 1411 after the death of the last owner, Jobst von Moravia . The House of Burgundy controlled an almost closed country complex in the border area between the Holy Roman Empire and France, stretching from the Channel coast to the southern edge of the Vosges. The new Roman King Sigismund of Luxembourg , a brother of Wenceslas IV, recognized the danger of the western territories of the empire and the Luxembourg family property slipping into the power of the Burgundian state. He declared that Anton did not take possession of Brabant and Limburg legally and then intended to withdraw these territories as closed imperial fiefs. Sigismund therefore forbade the Luxembourg estates to pay homage to Anton and Elisabeth on April 8, 1412, and in September 1413 called for open resistance against Anton of Brabant. The Luxembourg Seneschal Huart d'Autel, who allied himself with Bernhard von Armagnac , then led a popular uprising against Anton and the House of Burgundy.

As the attempt by Johann Ohnefurchts failed to take Paris, Anton of Burgundy tried to mediate between the warring parties in the civil war. The diplomacy of the Duke of Brabant reached the conclusion of the Peace Treaty of Arras on September 4, 1414, which led to the loss of Burgundian supremacy in France, but confirmed the de facto independence of the Burgundian territorial state. Anton of Brabant approached the King of France and the Armagnacs and was able to consolidate his rule in Brabant, Limburg and Luxembourg. He ruled a territory that from 1354 to 1383 was united under the rule of Wenceslas of Luxembourg , the great-uncle of his wife Elisabeth.

On August 1, 1415, the armistice between the King of England and the King of France expired. The invasion of France by King Henry V of England soon afterwards ushered in the second phase of the Hundred Years War . Anton of Burgundy felt obliged to fight against the English attackers on the side of the King of France and the Armagnacs. Like his younger brother Philipp von Nevers, he was killed by English archers in the Battle of Azincourt on October 25, 1415. Anton's grave is next to the graves of his two sons Johann and Philipp in the Sint Jan Evangelist kerk in Tervuren .

The transfer of the duchies of Brabant and Limburg took place with the energetic help of Johanns Ohnefurcht to Anton's eldest son Johann IV. The classes of Brabant and Limburg were satisfied with Anton's moderate rule and confirmed his son as the new sovereign. After the death of Philip of St. Pol, the younger son of Anton von Brabant, the two duchies fell to Philip the Good in 1430 .

Anton's widow Elisabeth fled to her uncle Sigismund after the death of her husband and in 1419 married Johann von Straubing-Holland, the former bishop of Liège. In 1442 she sold the Duchy of Luxembourg to Philip the Good and in 1443 gave him government power in Luxembourg.

Marriages and offspring

Bust in the Battle Gallery of the Palace of Versailles

Anton married his first marriage on February 21, 1402 in Arras Johanna von Luxemburg (* 1380/85, † August 12, 1407), daughter of Walram III. of Luxembourg , Count of Saint-Pol and Ligny , and Maud Holland. Your children were:

  • John IV of Brabant (born June 11, 1403 in Arras, † April 17, 1427 in Brussels), Duke of Brabant and Limburg
  • Philip of St. Pol (born July 25, 1404 in Brussels, † August 4, 1430), Duke of Brabant and Limburg, Count of St. Pol and Ligny

As a widower, he married Elisabeth von Görlitz on July 16, 1409 in Brussels (* November 1390 in Horsewitz, † August 3, 1451 in Trier), daughter of Johann von Luxemburg , Duke of Görlitz. Your children were:

  • Wilhelm (April 1410 - July 5, 1410)
  • Child, * and † 1412

In addition, he had two illegitimate daughters:

title

literature

predecessor Office successor
Johanna Duke of Brabant and Lothier
Duke of Limburg
Margrave of Antwerp
1406–1415 		Johann IV.
Margaret III. Count of Rethel
1393-1406 		Philip II of Nevers
personal data
SURNAME Anton
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Anton of Burgundy
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Brabant
DATE OF BIRTH August 1, 1384
DATE OF DEATH October 25, 1415
Place of death Azincourt