Johann von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein

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Archbishop Johann II of Mainz

Johann von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (* around 1360; † September 23, 1419 in Aschaffenburg ) was as Johann II. From 1397 to 1419 Elector and Archbishop of Mainz .

Appointment as archbishop

He was the son of Adolf von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein and a brother of the Archbishop of Mainz Adolf I of Nassau, who died on February 6, 1390 . Johann, characterized by contemporaries and historians as ambitious, intelligent and cunning, was canon in Mainz. In choosing a successor to his brother, however, he was defeated when the cathedral chapter chose Konrad II von Weinsberg . Six years later he lost a second time, this time to Gottfried (Jofrid) von Leiningen . However, with the support of some canons, the city of Mainz and the Count Palatine Ruprecht II , he succeeded in preventing the papal recognition of Leiningen and instead on January 26, 1397 by Pope Boniface IX. his own appointment, as John II, to obtain archbishop. After long negotiations renounce Leiningen eventually to the bishop's staff and was awarded the lucrative post of provost resigned.

Before his bishopric was Johann von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein a. a. Provost of the St. Georgenberg Monastery (Worms-Pfeddersheim) .

Imperial politics

Gold gulden: Mainz, Archbishop Johann II of Nassau (1397–1419), minted between 1399 and 1402 in Frankfurt-Höchst; Obverse: John the Baptist with scepter of the cross, his right hand raised to a blessing; a cross between the feet. Transcription: IOH (ann) IS AR (chi) EP (iscop) VSMAGV (n) T (inus) Reverse: Vierpass; in the middle the Nassau coat of arms, in the arches the shields of Kurmainz, Kurköln, Kurtrier, and of Bavaria for Kurpfalz. Inscription: MONETA OP (p) IDI IN HOIESTEN

Johann II was a member of the Palatinate party and since 1398 he worked with the other Rhenish electors , including Ruprecht von der Pfalz , to depose the controversial King Wenzel . At the Fürstentag on May 22, 1400 in Frankfurt am Main , however, Johann did not succeed in getting Ruprecht to be elected king, because Duke Friedrich von Braunschweig-Lüneburg was also proposed as a candidate. After Friedrich was on his way home on June 5, 1400 at Kleinenglis from Count Heinrich VII von Waldeck and his cronies Friedrich III. of Hertingshausen and Conrad of Falkenberg (all of which either of Mainz vassals or allies were) had been murdered, Wenzel was ten weeks later, on 20 August 1400 by Johann of Mainz and the other three Rhenish electors on the Lahneck in Oberlahnstein sold for declared and Ruprecht of the Palatinate was elected king in his place on the following day.

Just four years later, when King Ruprecht did not prove to be a docile tool in his hands and also got into territorial conflicts with Mainz due to his attempts to strengthen his own domestic power, Archbishop Johann became its irreconcilable opponent. In 1405 he organized the so-called Marbacher Bund , an alliance between Kurmainz and Count Eberhard III. von Württemberg, the margrave Bernhard I of Baden and 17 Swabian cities against the king. He even allied himself with the robber barons' union "Zum Luchs" and entered into a vassal relationship with France in order to be able to offer resistance to Ruprecht.

Church politics

The conflict between king and archbishop intensified during the split in the church , when in 1409 John went over to the side of Pope Alexander V , who was elected by the Council of Pisa , while Ruprecht gave up the Roman Gregory XII. remained faithful. Since Landgrave Hermann II of Hesse also remained on the side of Gregory and, like the Count Palatine and Archbishop of Trier , was given church organizational powers by him, Johann II found himself encircled from several sides, both territorial and church-political Respect. King Ruprecht's death in 1410 initially provided Johann II with some breathing space. In the subsequent royal election he voted for Jobst of Moravia , but came to an arrangement with the election winner Sigismund as early as 1411 , after he had granted him major concessions.

Trying to end the schism by removing both popes and electing a new one resulted in three popes competing with each other. The Mainz cathedral chapter initially followed Johann II, but after the election of Pope Martin V at the Council of Constance heeded the simultaneous deposition of the Pisa antipope John XXIII, who was supported by France . , whose cause John II had represented at the council and to which he continued undeterred. It was not until 1417 that an agreement was reached between the cathedral chapter and the archbishop.

death

Johann II of Nassau died on September 23, 1419 in Aschaffenburg and was buried in the cathedral of Mainz . His grave monument was probably created by Madern Gerthener , who was commissioned by his successor Konrad.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jacques Baudoin: La sculpture flamboyante. Les grands imagiers d'Occident , Èditions créer, 1983, ISBN 2-902894-15-5
predecessor Office successor
Gottfried von Leiningen Archbishop Elector of Mainz
1397–1419 		Conrad III. from Dhaun
personal data
SURNAME Johann von Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nassau, Johann von; John II (1397-1419)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Mainz
DATE OF BIRTH around 1360
DATE OF DEATH September 23, 1419
Place of death Aschaffenburg