List of heads of state 1408

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Africa

Egypt ( Burjiyya dynasty )
- Sultan : an-Nasir Faraj ibn Barquq (1399–1405) (1405–1412)

Algeria ( Abdalwadiden )
- Sultan : Abu Abdallah Muhammad IV (1402–1411)

Ethiopia
- Emperor (Negus Negest) : David I (1382–1411)

Ifriqiya (East Algeria, Tunisia) ( Hafsiden )
- Caliph : Abd al-Aziz II. (1394-1434)

Kanem Bornu ( Sefuwa Dynasty )
- King / May: Bir III. (1389-1421)

Jolof (in what is now Senegal )
- Buur-ba Jolof N'Diklam Sare (1390-1420)

Kano
- King: Kanajeji (1390-1410)

Morocco ( Merinids )
- Sultan : Abu Said Uthman III. (1398-1420)

America

Aztec Empire
- Tlatoani : Huitzilíhuitl (1395-1417)

Inca Empire
- Inca : Viracocha Inca (around 1410)

Asia

Ak Koyunlu
- Ruler : Qara Yülük Uthman (1389-1453)

Ayutthaya (Siam)
- King : Ramracha (1395–1409)

China ( Ming Dynasty )
- Emperor : Yongle (1402–1424)

Japan
- Emperor : Go-Komatsu (1392-1412)
- Shogun Ashikaga : Ashikaga Yoshikazu (1394-1423)

Korea ( Joseon Dynasty )
- King : Taejong (1400-1418)

Persia
- Sultan ( Timurid dynasty): Shah Ruch (1406–1447)

Sukhothai
- King : Sai Lüthai Mahathammaracha III. (1398-1419)

Trebizond
- Emperor : Manuel III. (1390-1417)

Europe

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - Countess of Foix : Isabelle (1398–1428)
  - Count of Foix: Archambaud de Grailly (1398–1412)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Galcerand de Vilanova (1388-1415)

Byzantine Empire
- Emperor : Manuel II. Palaiologos (1391–1425)

Denmark (1397–1523 personal union with Norway and Sweden)
- Queen : Margaret I (1387–1412)
- King: Erich VII (1397–1439)

Teutonic Order State
- Grand Master : Ulrich von Jungingen (1407–1410)

England
- King : Henry IV (1399–1413)

France
- King : Charles VI, the Mad (1380–1422)

Holy Roman Empire
- King : Ruprecht of the Palatinate (1400–1410)
- Electorates
  - Archbishopric of Cologne
    - Archbishop : Friedrich III. von Saar Werden (1370–1414)
  - Archbishopric Mainz
    - Archbishop : Johann II of Nassau (1397–1419)
  - Archbishopric Trier
    - Archbishop : Werner III. von Falkenstein (1388-1418)
  - Bohemia
    - King : Wenceslaus IV (1378–1419)
  - Brandenburg
    - Margrave : Jobst of Moravia (1388–1411)
  - Electoral Palatinate
    - Count Palatine : Ruprecht III. (1398-1410)
  - Saxony
    - Elector : Rudolf III. (1388-1419)
- spiritual principalities
  - Hochstift Augsburg
    - Bishop : Eberhard II of Kirchberg (1404–1413)
  - Bamberg Monastery
    - Bishop : Albrecht von Wertheim (1398–1421)
  - Hochstift Basel
    - Bishop : Humbert of Neuchâtel (1395 / 99-1417)
  - Besançon Archbishopric
    - Archbishop : Thiébaud de Rougemont (1405–1429)
  - Brandenburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Henning von Bredow (1406–1414)
  - Archbishopric Bremen
    - Archbishop : John II of Schlamstorf (1406–1421)
  - Brixen monastery
    - Bishop : Ulrich Prustl (1396–1417)
  - Cambrai Monastery
    - Bishop : Pierre d'Ailly (1398–1411)
  - Hochstift Cammin
    - Bishop : Nikolaus Bock von Schippenbeil (1398–1410)
  - Chiemsee Abbey
    - Bishop : Engelmar Chrel (1399–1422)
  - Chur Monastery
    - Bishop : Hartmann II of Werdenberg-Sargans (1388–1416)
  - Eichstätt Monastery
    - Bishop : Friedrich IV of Oettingen (1383–1415)
  - Hochstift Freising
    - Bishop : Berthold von Wehingen (1381–1410)
  - Geneva Monastery
    - Bishop : Guillaume de Lornay (1388–1408)
    - Bishop: Jean de Bertrand (1408–1418)
  - Hochstift Gurk
    - Bishop : Conrad III. von Hebenstreit (1402–1411) (1411–1412 Bishop of Freising)
  - Halberstadt Monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich von Warberg (1407–1411)
  - Hochstift Havelberg
    - Bishop : Otto I. von Rohr (1401–1427)
  - Hildesheim Monastery
    - Bishop : John I of Hoya (1399–1424)
  - Constance monastery
    - Bishop : Albrecht Blarer (1407–1410)
  - Lausanne bishopric
    - Bishop : Guillaume IV. De Challant (1406–1431)
  - Lavant Monastery
    - Bishop : Ulrich II. (1408–1411)
  - Lübeck bishopric
    - Bishop : John VI. Hundebeke (1399-1420)
  - Liège Monastery
    - Elect : Johann VI. of Bavaria-Hainaut (1389-1418)
  - Archbishopric Magdeburg
    - Archbishop : Günther II. Von Schwarzburg (1403–1445)
  - Meissen Abbey
    - Bishop : Thimo von Colditz (1399–1410)
  - Merseburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Walter von Köckeritz (1407–1411)
  - Metz bishopric
    - Bishop : Rudolf von Coucy (1388-1415)
  - Hochstift Minden
    - Bishop : Wilbrand von Hallermund (1406–1436)
  - Monastery of Münster
    - Bishop : Otto IV. Von Hoya (1392–1424)
  - Naumburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Ulrich II. Von Radefeld (1394–1409)
  - Osnabrück Monastery
    - Bishop : Heinrich I of Schaumburg-Holstein (1402–1410)
  - Paderborn Monastery
    - Bishop : Wilhelm I von Berg (1401–1414)
  - Passau bishopric
    - Bishop : Georg von Hohenlohe (1390–1423)
  - Ratzeburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Detlef von Berkentin (1395–1419)
  - Regensburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann von Moosburg (1384–1409)
  - Archbishopric Salzburg
    - Archbishop : Eberhard III. von Neuhaus (1403–1427)
  - Schwerin Monastery
    - Bishop : Rudolf von Mecklenburg-Stargard (1390–1415)
  - Seckau monastery
    - Bishop : Friedrich II. Von Perneck (1399-1414)
  - Hochstift Sitten
    - Bishop : Wilhelm V of Raron (1402–1417)
  - Speyer Monastery
    - Bishop : Raban von Helmstatt (1396–1438)
  - Strasbourg Monastery
    - Bishop : Wilhelm II of Diest (1394–1439)
  - Toul Monastery
    - Bishop : Philip II. De la Ville-sur-Illon (1399–1409)
  - Hochstift Trento
    - Bishop : George I of Liechtenstein (1390–1419)
  - Utrecht Monastery
    - Bishop : Friedrich von Blankenheim (1393–1423)
  - Hochstift Verden (1407 double choice)
    - Bishop : Ulrich von Albeck (1407–1409)
    - Bishop: Henry II of Verden (1407–1426)
  - Verdun Monastery
    - Bishop : John VI. from Saarbrücken (1403 / 04-1419)
  - Hochstift Worms
    - Bishop : Matthew of Krakow (1405–1410)
  - Würzburg Monastery
    - Bishop : Johann I von Egloffstein (1400–1411)
- secular principalities
  - Stop
    - Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg
      - Prince : Bernhard V (1404–1420)
    - Principality of Anhalt-Köthen
      - Prince : George I (1405–1474)
    - Anhalt-Zerbst
      - Prince : Albrecht III. (1382 / 96–1424)
  - to bathe
    - Margrave : Bernhard I (1372–1431)
  - Bavaria
    - Bavaria-Ingolstadt
      - Duke : Stephan III. the Kneißl (1375 / 92–1413)
    - Bavaria-Landshut
      - Duke : Henry XVI. (1393-1450)
    - Bavaria-Munich (joint rule)
      - Duke : Ernst (1397–1438)
      - Duke: Wilhelm III. (1397-1435)
    - Bavaria-Straubing-Holland
      - Duke : Johann III. Without grace (1404–1425) (in Straubing)
      - Duke: Wilhelm II (1404–1417) (in the Netherlands)
  - mountain
    - Duke : Wilhelm II. (1360–1408) (count until 1380)
    - Duke: Adolf VII (1408–1437)
  - Brabant and Limburg
    - Duke : Anton of Burgundy (1406–1415)
  - Duchy of Brunswick-Lueneburg
    - Braunschweig-Göttingen
      - Duke : Otto II (1394–1463)
    - Braunschweig-Grubenhagen
      - Duke: Erich I (1383-1427) (until 1389 under guardianship)
    - Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1400–1409 in personal union with Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel)
      - Duke : Bernhard I (1388–1409) (1428–1434)
      - Duke: Henry I the Meek (1388–1416)
    - Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1400–1409 in personal union with Braunschweig-Lüneburg)
      - Duke : Bernhard I (1400–1428)
      - Duke: Henry I the Meek (1388–1409)
  - Flanders (personal union with Burgundy)
    - Count : Johann Ohnefurcht (1404 / 5–1419)
  - Geldern (1393-1423 in personal union with Jülich)
    - Duke : Rainald IV. (1402–1423)
  - Hanau (common rule)
    - Lord : Reinhard II. (1404–1452) (count from 1429)
    - Lord: Johann (1404–1411)
  - Hainaut (personal union with Holland)
    - Count : Wilhelm IV. (1404–1417)
  - Hesse
    - Landgrave : Hermann II. (1376-1413)
  - Holland (personal union with Hainaut)
    - Count : Wilhelm VI. (1404-1417)
  - Jülich (1393–1423 in personal union with funds)
    - Duke : Rainald I (1402–1423)
  - Kleve
    - Count : Adolf II (1394–1448) (from 1417 duke)
  - Ortenburg
    - Count : Georg I (1395–1422)
  - Ravensberg
    - Count : Wilhelm II. (1402–1428)
  - Württemberg
    - Count : Eberhard III., The Mild (1392–1417)

Italian states
- Estonian
  - Margrave : Azzo IX. (1384-1415)
- Ferrara, Modena and Reggio
  - Lord : Niccolò III. d'Este (1393–1441)
- Genoa
  - occupied by France (1396-1413)
- Papal States
  - Pope : Gregory XII. (1406-1415)
- Milan
  - Duke : Giovanni Maria Visconti (1402–1412)
- Mantua
  - Count : Gianfrancesco I. Gonzaga (1407–1444) (from 1433 margrave)
- Montferrat
  - Margrave : Theodor II (1381-1418)
- Naples
  - King : Ladislaus (1386-1414)
- Rimini
  - Lord : Carlo Malatesta (1385–1429)
- Saluzzo
  - Margrave : Thomas III. (1391-1416)
- San Marino
  - Capitano Reggente: Paolino di Giovanni di Bianco (1407–1408)
  - Capitano Reggente: Michelino di Paoluccio (1407–1408)
  - Capitano Reggente: Bartolino di Antonio (1408)
  - Capitano Reggente: Michelino di Berardo (1408)
  - Capitano Reggente: Simone di Menghino de 'Calcigni (1408–1409)
  - Capitano Reggente: Benedetto di Tosetto (1408–1409)
- Savoy
  - Count : Amadeus VIII. (1391–1434 / 39) (from 1416 duke)
- Sicily
  - King : Martin I (1392–1409)
- Venice
  - Doge : Michele Steno (1400-1413)

Monaco
- Seigneur (in exile): Jean I. (1407-1454)

Norway
- Queen : Margaret I (1380–1412)

Ottoman Empire
- Sultan : dispute over the succession to the throne (1402-1413)

Poland
- King : Władysław II. Jagiełło (1386–1434)

Portugal
- King : John I (1385–1433)

Russia
- Grand Duke : Vasily I (1389–1425)

Scotland
- King : Jacob I (1406–1437)

Sweden
- Queen : Margaret I (1380–1412)

Spanish states
- Aragon
  - King : Martin I (1396–1410) (1409–1410 King of Sicily)
- Granada
  - Emir : Muhammad VII (1392-1408)
  - Emir: Yusuf III. (1408-1417)
- Castile
  - King : Johann II. (1406-1454)
- Navarre
  - King : Charles III. (1387-1425)
- Urgell
  - Count : Peter (1347–1408)
  - Count: Jacob II (1408–1413)

Hungary
- King : Sigismund (1387–1437)

Wallachia
- Prince : Mircea the Old (1386–1394) (1397–1418)

Zeta
- Prince : Balša III. (1403-1421)

Cyprus
- King : Janus (1398–1432)