List of rulers of Sicily

This list contains the sovereign rulers of Sicily from the conquest of Sicily by the Normans to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in the course of the Italian unification movement. The viceroys ruling in Sicily , who were merely representatives of foreign sovereigns , are listed in a separate list .

The years indicate the reign.

The Norman-Hohenstaufen Sicily

	Surname	Reign	relationship	Remarks
House of Hauteville
	Roger I.	1071-1101	Son of Tankred of Hauteville	With his brother Robert Guiscard he conquered the island of Sicily, which he ruled as "Grand Count".
	Simon	1101-1105	Son of the predecessor	Under the tutelage of his mother Adelheid von Savona .
	Roger ii	1105-1154	Brother of the predecessor	Until 1112/13 under the tutelage of his mother Adelheid von Savona. Roger II united the Norman possessions of Lower Italy (Calabria, Apulia) with Sicily and in 1130 received the royal dignity from antipope Anaclet II . The rightful Pope Innocent II recognized this survey in 1139. In 1137 he added the Duchy of Naples to his dominion .
	Wilhelm I. (called the bad one )	1154-1166	Son of the predecessor
	Wilhelm II (called the Good )	1166-1189	Son of the predecessor
	Tankred from Lecce	1189-1194	Rogers II illegitimate grandson
	Roger III	1193-1194	Son of tankreds	Fellow-king of his father.
	William III.	1194	Son of tankreds	William III. was by Emperor Heinrich VI. deposed, who claimed the successor of Wilhelm II on behalf of his wife.
	Constance	1194-1198	Daughter of Rogers II	Wife of Emperor Heinrich VI.
The Hohenstaufen
	Heinrich	1194-1197	Husband of Konstanze	Roman emperor. Ousted the Norman dynasty and established the Hohenstaufen rule in Sicily.
	Friedrich	1198-1250	Son of the predecessor	Roman Emperor; after the election of the Roman king of the title rex Sicilie always in conjunction with Fredericus secundus needed
	Heinrich	1212-1217	Son of Friedrich	Fellow-king of his father. Roman king from 1222.
	Konrad	1250-1254	Son of Friedrich	Elected Roman King, King of Jerusalem and Sicily
	Konradin	1254-1258	Son of the predecessor
	Manfred	1258-1266	Son of Friedrich	Usurped the throne against Konradin. Killed by Charles of Anjou in the Battle of Benevento .
House Anjou
	Charles I of Anjou	1266-1282		Ended the rule of the Hohenstaufen with papal support.

The Aragonese Sicily

In 1282, after the outbreak of the Sicilian Vespers , Charles of Anjou lost control of Sicily. King Peter III von Aragón seized the opportunity, landed on the island and crowned himself King of Sicily. However, Charles of Anjou was able to maintain his rule on the mainland part of the kingdom, whereby the old Norman-Staufer empire was effectively divided into an insular (Trinacria) and a continental (Mezzogiorno) kingdom. The Anjou dynasty resided in Naples from then on (see Kingdom of Naples ), but officially continued the title of "King of Sicily".

	Surname	Reign	relationship	Remarks
House Barcelona
	Peter I.	1282-1285	Manfred's son-in-law	King of Aragon (Peter III). After the Sicilian Vespers in 1282 he conquered the island of Sicily and crowned himself king.
	Jacob I.	1285-1295	Son of the predecessor	King of Aragon (James II)
	Friedrich II.	1295-1337	Brother of the predecessor	Called himself "Friedrich III." Out of respect for the Emperor Friedrich II , who was however the first king of Sicily with this name
	Peter II	1337-1342	Son of the predecessor
	Ludwig	1342-1355	Son of the predecessor
	Friedrich III. the simple one	1355-1377	Brother of the predecessor
	Maria	1377-1401	Daughter of the predecessor
	Martin I.	1392-1409	Husband of Maria	From 1392 to 1409, Maria and Martin I were guarded by their father, King Martin I of Aragón .

With the heirless death of Queen Maria and King Martin I, his father, King Martin I of Aragón , takes over the rule of Sicily. He establishes the personal union of the crown of Sicily with the Aragonese crown . The kings are represented on the island by appointed viceroys.

see: List of Viceroys of Sicily

	Surname	Reign	relationship	Remarks
House Barcelona
	Martin II the humane	1409-1410	Father Martin I.	King of Aragon (Martin I). Blanka of Navarre took over the reign in Sicily from 1409 to 1419.
House Trastámara
	Ferdinand I the Just	1412-1416		After a two-year vacancy, elected King of Aragon and Sicily by the Caspe Compromise .
	Alfons I.	1416-1458	Son of the predecessor	King of Aragon (Alfonso V). Alfonso had also been King of Naples since 1442, which was the first time since the division to have a personal union between the "two Sicilies". But this ended with Alfons' death.
	Johann	1458-1468	Brother of the predecessor	King of Aragon (John II)
	Ferdinand II the Catholic	1468-1516	Son of the predecessor	King of Aragon. In 1504 Ferdinand occupied the Kingdom of Naples and made himself its king. He established a permanent personal union of the "two Sicilies".

Spanish Sicily

After the death of the Habsburgs Philip I , who was King of Castile as the husband of Ferdinand's daughter Johanna , Ferdinand took over the guardianship of Johanna's son Karl in 1506 and thus united the two kingdoms of Aragon and Castile to Spain .

	Surname	Reign	relationship	Remarks
House of Habsburg (Spanish line)
	Charles II	1516-1554	Son of Joan and grandson of Ferdinand II.	King of Naples King of Spain (Charles I) Roman Emperor (Charles V)
	Philip I.	1554-1598	Son of the predecessor	King of Naples King of Spain (Philip II)
	Philip II	1598-1621	Son of the predecessor	King of Naples King of Spain (Philip III)
	Philip III	1621-1665	Son of the predecessor	King of Naples King of Spain (Philip IV)
	Charles III	1665-1700	Son of the predecessor	King of Naples King of Spain (Charles II)
House of Bourbon
	Philip IV	1700-1713	Grandson of the French King Louis XIV and his wife Maria Teresa of Spain , the sister of his predecessor	King of Naples King of Spain (Philip V)

Savoy, Habsburg and Bourbon

In the Treaty of Utrecht , which ended the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713 , the Spanish crown ceded the Kingdom of Sicily to the House of Savoy and the Kingdom of Naples to Habsburg. This ends the personal union of the "two Sicilies" for the time being.

	Surname	Reign	relationship	Remarks
House of Savoy
	Viktor Amadeus II	1713-1720

During the Quadruple Alliance War , Sicily is conquered by Spain. In the Treaty of The Hague in 1720 , the land was ceded to Habsburg. Since the emperor was also king of Naples, the personal union of the "two Sicilies" was restored. Viktor Amadeus was compensated with the Kingdom of Sardinia .

	Surname	Reign	relationship	Remarks
House of Habsburg (Austrian line)
	Charles IV	1720-1735		King of Naples Roman Emperor

During the Polish War of Succession , Sicily was conquered again by Spain. In the peace treaty of Vienna in 1735, Habsburg ceded both Sicily and Naples to the Spanish royal family. Both kingdoms are left to a prince of the house, thus preserving the personal union of "the two Sicilies".

	Surname	Reign	relationship	Remarks
House of Bourbon
	Charles V	1735-1759	Son of King Philip IV	King of Naples. Charles became king of Spain in 1759. He gave the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily to his younger son.
	Ferdinand III.	1759-1816	Son of the predecessor	King of Naples. During the Napoleonic Wars, Naples was occupied by the French from 1806 to 1815, who installed their own kings there.

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

By decree, King Ferdinand abolished the personal union between Sicily and Naples (Regno di Sicilia ulteriore) in 1816 and united both kingdoms in a real union. The newly created state was called " Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ", Ferdinand remained head of state, but now as Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.

	Surname	Reign	relationship
House of Bourbon Sicily
	Ferdinand I.	1816-1825
	Franz I.	1825-1830	Son of the predecessor
	Ferdinand II.	1830-1859	Son of the predecessor
	Francis II	1859-1860	Son of the predecessor

Dictator of Sicily

	Surname	Reign	relationship	Remarks
	Giuseppe Garibaldi	1860-1861		In the course of the " Risorgimento " Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered Sicily in 1860 and then invaded Naples. The last Bourbon king fled into exile, whereupon Garibaldi ruled the state dictatorially until 1861. Then the country was united with the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont and finally merged with this in the newly founded Kingdom of Italy .

Web links

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