Johann I of Egloffstein

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Depiction of the Prince-Bishop on his epitaph in the Würzburg Cathedral
Egloffstein coat of arms in Scheibler's coat of arms book from 1450

Johann I von Egloffstein († November 22, 1411 in Forchheim ) was Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1400 until his death in 1411 . He is the founder of the University of Würzburg .

origin

Johann von Egloffstein came from the Franconian noble family von Egloffstein . His parents were Otto von Egloffstein and Osanna, born von Hirschberg . His brother Konrad von Egloffstein was a German master (1396-1416). His brother Hartung was the Bamberg canon . After Lorenz Fries , he is said to have had another brother named Dietrich.

Johann in the Franconian City War in 1397

After he had studied at the University of Heidelberg in 1389/90 and acquired academic degrees, Johann was a member of the cathedral chapters of Regensburg and Bamberg , and later - from 1396 at the latest - also in Würzburg. Under his predecessor Gerhard von Schwarzburg , he defeated the army of the city of Würzburg and the other rebellious cities as provost in the Battle of Bergtheim .

Johann as Bishop of Würzburg

He was elected bishop on November 19, 1400. In the election of the Würzburg bishop in 1400, Eberhard (d. 1423), a representative of the Wertheim Count House, ran for the first time. Since he received the same number of votes as his competitor Johann von Egloffstein, the cathedral chapter asked King Rupprecht for help. This decided in favor of Johann von Egloffstein, as he had promised him support against the deposed King Wenzel . As part of his financial and administrative policy, he divided the city of Würzburg into four parts and four suburbs, a division that was to be maintained for a long time.

In 1402 he founded the University of Würzburg for the first time. This "high school", housed in the courtyard of the "Großer Löwen" and in the canon court of the "Katzenwicker", was papally approved on December 10, 1402 by Boniface IX.

After the defeat of the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410, Johann traveled to Prussia and participated in the peace negotiations between the Order and Poland. Together with his brother he was in Thorn among the authorized representatives of the Teutonic Order who signed the First Peace of Thorn .

He sought to expand his influence in the diocese of Würzburg through the territorial jurisdiction of the Würzburg district court. In 1403 this led to tension with the burgraviate of Nuremberg. In 1408 he came to an agreement with the neighboring count families of Henneberg , Wertheim , Castell , Rieneck and Hohenlohe as well as with the knighthood . In 1407 he allied himself with the Nuremberg burgrave Friedrich VI. against the imperial city of Rothenburg. In the course of the Rothenburg feud, several imperial city castles were taken.

As the diocese's debts continued to increase, Johann complained to the Pope that he could not even lead a life befitting his rank and was then given permission to raise additional taxes, namely a spiritual tithe for a period of three years. In 1403 and 1408 he issued charter for Jews, presumably with the intention of promoting the influx of capital. The chamberlain of the College of Cardinals, Bishop Heinrich von Tusculum, released him from excommunication in 1406 and extended the payment period. Another believer, the knight Johann von Kronberg, who summoned the bishop to the dogs in front of the free court , sounded significantly different , which was prevented by King Rupprecht's intervention.

He died in Forchheim in 1411. According to rumors, the reformist prince-bishop was poisoned. The cathedral chapter wrote mocking verses on its epitaph , as the historian Lorenz Fries reported. The tomb no longer exists today. A damaged wall memorial is located in the Würzburg Cathedral next to the altar of the Three Kings.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see also list of Frankish knight families # E
  2. ↑ However, he obtained his academic degrees baccalaureus in decretis and magister artium at other universities, here the University of Prague is generally assumed. in: The foundation of the University of Würzburg 1402 Johann von Egloffstein as the founder of the University Archives Würzburg
  3. ↑ see also list of Roman Catholic dioceses
  4. ↑ Klaus Witt City : The first foundation of the University of Würzburg (1402). A late medieval educational initiative with a future. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 21, 2002, pp. 25-36, here: p. 27.
  5. ^ Matthias Bachmann: Wertheim, Counts of in: Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
  6. ^ Thomas Frenz: When did Pope Gregor XIII. the re-establishment of the University of Würzburg? In: Peter Baumgart (Ed.): Four hundred years of the University of Würzburg. A commemorative publication. Neustadt an der Aisch 1982, pp. 31–45.
  7. ↑ Ralf Vollmuth , Gundolf Keil : Persistence and progress: The Würzburg medicine in the mirror of the centuries. A contribution to the first founding of the University of Würzburg 600 years ago. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 22, 2003, pp. 7-20, here: p. 8.
  8. ↑ Founding document of the University of Würzburg in: Süddeutsche Zeitung of September 6, 2016
  9. ↑ see also list of Frankish knight families
  10. ↑ Klaus Witt City: The first foundation of the University of Würzburg (1402). A late medieval educational initiative with a future. Würzburg medical history reports 21 (2002), p. 27 f.
  11. ^ Wall memorial for Johann I von Egloffstein at the German Digital Library
  12. ↑ Reuss, page 20

Web links

Commons : Johann I. von Egloffstein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Gerhard von Schwarzburg Bishop of Würzburg
1400 - 1411 		Johann II of Brunn
personal data
SURNAME Johann I of Egloffstein
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince-Bishop of the Diocese of Würzburg (1400–1411)
DATE OF BIRTH 14th Century
DATE OF DEATH November 22, 1411
Place of death Forchheim