Lorenz Fries

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Coat of arms of Lorenz Fries
Heinrich (VII.) Receives homage as king in Würzburg (illustration from the Echter Chronicle )

Lorenz Fries , Latinized Laurentius Frisius (* 24. June 1489 / 1491 in Mergentheim , † 5. December 1550 in Würzburg ), was Wuerzburg fürstbischöflicher Secretary, Council and archivist . He is considered the most important Franconian historian of the 16th century . From today's perspective, his main works are Die Würzburger Bischofs-Chronik and The History of the Peasants' War in East Franconia .

Life

Lorenz Fries grew up in a simple middle-class family, attended Latin school in Mergentheim and studied in Leipzig , Vienna and Wittenberg . After earning his master's degree in Leipzig , he began to work as a secretary in the office of the Würzburg bishopric.

From the secretary of the prince-bishop he rose to the position of a prince-bishop's council and became the chancellery of three Würzburg prince-bishops: Konrad II von Thüngen , Konrad III. by Bibra and Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt . In these functions he also represented Würzburg interests as a diplomat at the imperial court of Charles V , at the Reichstag and on various diplomatic missions. He conducted negotiations in Prague and Vienna because of Würzburg's share of the Turkish tax .

As head of the chancellery, he was responsible for the archives of the archbishopric. He knew how to combine his duties as a diplomat and archivist with the work that was close to his heart as a historian and chronicler of his time. As a historian, he therefore created works of high literary quality, but which were written in German.

In 1524 Fries had acquired the Würzburger Löwenhof in today's Dominikanergasse, where in the 14th century the protonotary Michael Jude, who also called Michael von Löwen, lived as the author of Michael de Leone's house book .

His main works History of the Peasant War in the East Franks and the period from the beginning of Christianity in francs to 1495 comprehensive chronicle of the Würzburg Prince Bishops, the scientific historical research as a valuable narrative source mainly on the history of Franconia and the Bishopric and diocese of Wuerzburg which serve were not published during his lifetime.

The Würzburg Bishop's Chronicle was only produced in three copies by order of Prince-Bishop Konrad von Bibra.

One of the manuscripts made for the prince-bishop burned with the court library in 1572 when the Marienberg fortress burned . The only surviving original manuscript of the Bischofschronik, illustrated with 176 miniatures by the Würzburg painter Martin Seger (around 1510 / 1515–1580), completed in 1546, was acquired by the Lower Franconian "Historical Association" in 1835 and has been held by the Würzburg City Archives since the time of National Socialism (Ratsbuch 412). One of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn in February 1574 commissioned and as magnificent manuscript-built to 1584 copies with 171 mostly colored pen drawings and 181 coat of arms is after they kept since 1982 in the state archives Würzburg and for the 1987 University of Würzburg purchased was in the Würzburg University Library and is referred to as the real copy of the Fries Chronicle or Echter Chronicle . The illustrations of this as a replacement for the bishop's copy illuminated by Martin Seger come partly from Seger's workshop and partly from the Nuremberg painter Georg Mack the Elder. Ä., Who created small pictures with opaque colors instead of the colored pen drawings of the burned edition. Publicly accessible publications did not appear in bookshops until the 18th century. The Würzburg episcopal chronicle has been available in full in a modern scientific edition since 2005. His important manual for the prince-bishop's administration, the so-called "High Registry", is still awaiting publication.

Fries was married twice, since 1540 with Juliane, the daughter of the Würzburg mayor Georg Ganzhorn. This is an indication that Fries had managed to gain a foothold in the Würzburg upper class. The marriages were childless.

Works

  • History, names, sex, life, deeds, and death of the bishops of Würzburg and the dukes of Franconia, including what happened during the reign of each and every one of them that was remarkable. 1546; Reprint Würzburg 1848 by: Munich Digitization Center .

Source editions

  • Ulrich Wagner, Walter Ziegler (ed.): Lorenz Fries. Chronicle of the Bishops of Würzburg 742–1495 (= Fontes Herbipolenses. Editions and studies from the Würzburg City Archives. Vols. I – VI). Würzburg 1992-2004.
  • August Schäffler, Theodor Henner (arr.): The history of the peasant war in Eastern Franconia by Magister Lorenz Fries. 2 volumes, 1883.
    • 1. Volume Würzburg 1883 (reprint) Digitized Franconia online
    • 2. Volume Würzburg 1889 (reprint) Digitized Franconia online
  • Stefan Petersen u. a. (Ed.): The high registry of Lorenz Fries. Online indexing of an early modern chancellery repertory. ( online )

literature

  • Franz Fuchs , Stefan Petersen, Ulrich Wagner (eds.): Lorenz Fries and his work. Balance sheet and classification (= publications of the Würzburg City Archives. Vol. 19.). Schöningh, Würzburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-87717-852-2 .
  • Ulrich Wagner (Ed.): Lorenz Fries (1489–1550). Prince-Bishop's Council and Secretary. Studies of a Franconian historian (= writings of the Würzburg city archive. Vol. 7). Wuerzburg 1989.
  • Christiane Kummer: The illustration of the Würzburg episcopal chronicle of Lorenz Fries from 1546. A major work by Martin Seger and his workshop. Diss., Würzburg 1995.
  • Gottfried Mälzer: Magister Lorenz Fries (1489–1550). Historian, prince-bishop's council, secret secretary and chancellery director in Würzburg. Echter, Würzburg 1995.
  • Gottfried Mälzer, Eva-Pleticha Geuder: The frieze chronicle of the prince-bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn. A magnificent Franconian manuscript from the 16th century from the holdings of the Würzburg University Library Codex M.ch.f.760. (Exhibition on the 500th anniversary of the birthday of Magister Lorenz Fries (1489–1550), October 19 - December 3, 1989) University Library Würzburg 1989, ISBN 3-923959-14-1 .
  • Thomas Heiler : The Würzburg episcopal chronicle of Lorenz Fries (died 1550). Studies on the historiographical work of a prince-bishop's secretary and archivist (= publications of the Würzburg City Archives. Vol. 9). Schöningh, Würzburg 2001, ISBN 3-87717-788-3 .
  • Franz Xaver von Wegele :  Fries, Lorenz . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, p. 83 f.
  • Wilhelm Engel:  Frieze, Lorenz. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 610 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Johannes Madey:  FRIES, Lorenz. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 16, Bautz, Herzberg 1999, ISBN 3-88309-079-4 , Sp. 537-538.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

Wikisource: Lorenz Fries  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Friedrich von Pistorius: Amoenitates historico-iuridicae: Or all sorts of the histories of the German [...]. Part III, Frankfurt and Leipzig 1733, p. 729.
  2. ^ Wolfgang Schneider: Folk culture and everyday life. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001–2007, Volume 1 (2001): From the beginnings to the outbreak of the Peasants' War. ISBN 3-8062-1465-4 , pp. 491–514 and 661–665, here: p. 512 f., Plate 44: Wappenstein from the Hof zum Großer Löwen (Dominikanerstraße 6) with the coat of arms of the Jude / vom Löwen family (de Leone).
  3. ^ Bruno Rottenbach: Würzburg street names. Volume 1, Franconian Company Printing Office, Würzburg 1967, p. 76 f.
  4. ↑ Gottfried Mälzer, Eva-Pleticha Geuder (1989), p. 6.
  5. ^ Hanswernfried Muth: Pictorial and cartographic representations of the city. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 294–307 and 901, here: pp. 294 f.
  6. ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 582 and 586 f.
  7. ↑ Gottfried Mälzer, Eva-Pleticha Geuder (1989), p. 6.
  8. ^ House of Bavarian History : Franconia in the Middle Ages. Augsburg 2003/04, p. 4.
  9. ↑ Gottfried Mälzer, Eva-Pleticha Geuder (1989).
  10. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 606.
  11. ↑ Helmut Flachenecker : The foreign region in the eyes of a Franconian chronicler . In: Hannes Obermair , Stephanie Risse, Carlo Romeo (eds.): Regional civil society in motion. Festschrift for Hans Heiss (=  Cittadini innanzi tutto ). Folio Verlag, Vienna-Bozen 2012, ISBN 978-3-85256-618-4 , p. 532-540, reference p. 533 .
personal data
SURNAME Fries, Lorenz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Würzburg prince-bishop council, historian
DATE OF BIRTH June 24, 1489
PLACE OF BIRTH Bad Mergentheim
DATE OF DEATH December 5, 1550
Place of death Wurzburg