Amadeus VIII.
Amadeus VIII , called "the peacemaker" ( Italian " il Pacifico ", born September 4, 1383 in Chambéry ; † January 7, 1451 in Geneva ), was Duke of Savoy from 1391 to 1439 and as Felix V. the last antipope of the Catholic Church .
Life
Amadeus was the son of Count Amadeus VII of Savoy and his wife Bona, daughter of Duke Johann von Berry . He followed his father in 1391 as Count of Savoy .
In 1401 he bought the county of Geneva from Odo von Thoire and Villars . His heirs, however, refused to give him ownership of the county . In 1424, after 23 years of fighting and trials, he finally bought the pretenders' rights to the county. On February 19, 1416 he was commissioned by King Sigismund to Duke collected since 1418 he was Prince of Piedmont .
Amadeus was quite successful politically, but turned away from politics in 1434 and towards a religious life. He handed over the official business to his son - but formally he remained duke until 1439 - and retired with six knights to a monastery on Lake Geneva , where he founded the Order of St. Moritz , an order of knights that only existed for a relatively short time.
Antipope
As Pope Eugene IV. In 1437, the Council of Basel to Ferrara moved, the split council and in Basel remaining part continued on November 5, 1439 Eugen and dialed in a few-day conclave Amadeus to Pope . He resided in Geneva , Lausanne and Basel, but was only recognized in Aragon , Hungary , Bavaria and Switzerland , which is why he resigned his office on April 7, 1449, whereby his resignation was made easier with the granting of several privileges .
Until his death in 1451 he was Cardinal Bishop of Sabina and Bishop of Geneva . He is considered the last historical antipope.
Marriage and offspring
He married on October 27, 1401 in Arras Marie (* 1380; † 1422), daughter of Duke Philip II of Burgundy and had the following children with her:
- Antonio (* / † 1407)
- Antonio (* / † 1408)
- Amadeus (* 1412; † 1431), Prince of Piedmont
- Ludwig (* 1413; † 1465) Duke of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont, Count of Aosta and Maurienne
- Margarethe (* 1405; † 1418)
- Marie (* 1411; † 1469) ⚭ 1427 Filippo Maria Visconti , Duke of Milan
- Bona (* 1415; † 1430)
- Hugo (* 1415; † 1439)
- Philip (1417–1444), Count of Geneva
- Margarethe (* 1420; † 1479)
- ⚭ 1432 Duke Ludwig III. from Anjou
- ⚭ 1444 Elector Ludwig IV of the Palatinate
- ⚭ 1453 Count Ulrich V of Württemberg
literature
- Bernard Demotz: Amadeus VIII . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 1, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1980, ISBN 3-7608-8901-8 , Sp. 502 f.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Amadeus VIII .. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , column 11.
- Francesco Cognasso: Felice V, antipapa. In: Massimo Bray (ed.): Enciclopedia dei Papi. Volume 2: Niccolò I, santo, Sisto IV. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2000, pp. 640–644 ( treccani.it ) ..
- Ursula Gießmann: The last antipope: Felix V. Studies on rule practice and legitimation strategies (1434-1451) (= papacy in medieval Europe , volume 3). Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-412-22359-5 (Dissertation Humboldt University Berlin 2012. 410 pages, under the title: The Council Pope Felix V. - Investigations into the practice of rule and strategies of legitimation ).
Web links
- Bernard Andenmatten: Felix V .. In: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz .
- Savoie, Amedeo di. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed November 5, 2011.
Individual evidence
- ↑ On this conclave cf. Roger Jean Rebmann: Conclave / Pope election 1439 in Basel , website Altbasel.ch; Retrieved March 29, 2020. There further references.
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Bessarion |
Cardinal Bishop of Sabina 1449–1451 |
Isidore de Thessalonica |
Eugene IV (Pope) |
Antipope 1439–1449 |
Nicholas V (Pope) |
François de Metz |
Bishop of Geneva 1444–1451 |
Peter of Savoy |
Odo of Thoire and Villars |
Count of Geneva 1401 / 24–1434 |
Philip of Savoy |
Amadeus VII |
Count of Savoy from 1416, Duke 1391–1439 |
Ludwig |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Amadeus VIII. |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Amadeus VIII of Savoy; Amadeus the Peaceful; Felix V. |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Savoy, Cardinal Bishop, Antipope |
DATE OF BIRTH | September 4, 1383 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Chambery |
DATE OF DEATH | January 7, 1451 |
Place of death | Geneva |