Kano

This article covers the city in Nigeria. For further meanings, see Kano (disambiguation) .

Kano
Coordinates	11 ° 59 ′  N , 8 ° 31 ′  E Coordinates: 11 ° 59 ′  N , 8 ° 31 ′  E
Basic data
Country	Nigeria
State	Kano
height	488 m
Residents	2,395,375 (2012 calculation)
Metropolitan area	4,956,615 (calculation 2012)
politics
governor	Ibrahim Shekarau
Political party	ANPP
Panorama of Kano

Kano is the capital of the Kano state in Nigeria . With 2,395,375 inhabitants (as of 2012), it is the fourth largest city in the country after Lagos , Ibadan and Benin City .

geography

Kano is located in the north of the country, northeast of the city of Kaduna and approx. 440 km from the capital Abuja at an altitude of 488  m above sea level. M. The temperatures vary between 21 degrees Celsius in January and 31 degrees Celsius in April. The precipitation is mainly distributed between July and September, which begins and ends with violent sandstorms . The city and its surroundings are approx. 480 km from the southern border of the Sahara and lie in the eco-zone of the savannah .

Satellite map with the course of the city wall around the city center

history

Founding history

The city of Kano was founded in an unknown time. According to the Bayajidda legend of the Hausa , the founding hero Bayajidda , coming from Bornu , first reached Kano, where he had his sword forged, and then Daura . According to the local origin legend recorded in the Kano Chronicle , Bagauda is considered to be the founder of the local dynasty. The chronicle dates him to the 10th century according to the length of the government, but his second name Dawud / David and the names of his successors are to be interpreted as remnants of a pre-Islamic Israelite tradition. Also noteworthy is the firm involvement of the “pagan” Maguzawa or Azna in the early urban community, cited by the chronicle .

Beginning of Islamization

The chroniclers only set foot on solid local historical ground with their portrayal of Islamization by the Wangara traders from Mali during the reign of the Yaji (1349–1385). Sections of the civil servants offered bitter resistance to the new religion on the basis of the sacred kingship . Overall, the most important offices of sacred kingship continued in only slightly different form until the beginning of the 19th century: the Galadima was chairman of the State Council, the Madaki or Kaura leader of the entire army and the Sarkin Jarmai leader of the palace troops and the Maidaki the official queen mother and thus Patron of all important state affairs. It was not until Muhammad Rumfa (1463–1499) that Islam made its first significant progress. Under the influence of the North African scholar and preacher al-Maghili , he had a Friday mosque built on the site of the sacred tree . Furthermore, he introduced the Islamic custom of keeping women out of public space ( kulle ). In addition, however, the practice of sacrificing for the national Dirki shrine continued.

The Sokoto Jihad

Steel engraving from Meyer's universe

Kano in December 1930. Aerial photo by Walter Mittelholzer

The jihad , proclaimed in 1804 by the Fulani scholar Usman dan Fodio in western Gobir , was followed by his tribesmen with his approval also against other house kings . After the conquest of the city by the Fulani in 1806 and the flight of King Alwali dan Yaji (1781-1807), the Fulani removed all important Hausa officials from their offices. This was followed by a rapid linguistic and cultural Hausaisierung of the ruling Sulleibawa-Fulani. In addition to the break in political continuity, the politically intentional Islamization led to a greater loss of tradition. Secular offices were deliberately restricted in their meaning in Kano as in other house states.

Kano remained a semi-autonomous province within the Sokoto Caliphate throughout the 19th century . As Heinrich Barth discovered during his month-long stay in the city in 1851, Kano was by far the most active craft and trading town of all the cities he visited in West Africa. He estimated the city had 60,000 inhabitants, less than half of whom were slaves .

In 1903 the British captured Kano and integrated the city into the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria . The modern administrative structures they set up restricted the king's power.

Boko Haram attacks

On January 20, 2012, Kano was attacked in a large-scale series of attacks by the Islamist terrorist organization Boko Haram . At least 191 people were killed. The police headquarters, three police stations, the interior ministry building and that of the state domestic secret service (SSS) were attacked with car bombs. 20 explosions are said to have been counted within a few minutes. After that, assassins disguised as police officers shot at the fleeing people. The population fled the affected neighborhoods in a panic. The governor of Kano state declared a 24-hour curfew. In addition, several thousand soldiers were sent into the city. On April 29, 2012, 15 participants in two Christian church services were killed by explosives and gunfire. On March 18, there was another bomb attack on a bus in Kano that left at least 20 people dead.

Kano was bombed again on November 18, 2015 when two young girls set off explosive belts in a busy shopping district, killing at least 15 people.

Population development

year	population
1963	295,432
1973	322,000
1991	2,166,554
2005 (estimate)	3,626,204
2012 (calculation)	2,395,375
2017 (calculation)	3,739,000

A forecast from 2014 predicts that the population of Kano will grow to 10.4 million by 2050. For the year 2100 it is expected to have 28.3 million inhabitants, which would make Kano one of the largest cities in the world.

Attractions

Gate to the palace of the Emir of Kano

The clay remains of the former city ​​wall with a length of 19.2 km can be seen. Some of the former 18 city gates are reminiscent of the pre-colonial city. The great Emir's Palace and the Great Mosque of Kano still dominate the center of the city. The Makama Museum south of it is particularly accessible to visitors . The rides from parts of the city to the two major Islamic festivals, al-adha and hawan salla (id al-fitr) , which the emir participated in, caused a sensation .

Economy and Infrastructure

Kano is regarded as the economic center of the north of Nigeria, but also as the least developed metropolis in Nigeria. The cityscape is characterized by traditional quarters in the old town within the old city walls and modern quarters in the north and west of the city. Kano received a road connection in 1906 and a railway connection in 1911. The Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport on the northern outskirts counted 2009 323.482 passengers a year, making it the largest airport in northern Nigeria and the fourth largest airport in the country.

sons and daughters of the town

• Aminu Kano (1920–1983), politician
• Al-Haji Yusuf Maitama Sule (1929–2017), historian, politician and diplomat
• Akin Mabogunje (* 1931), geographer
• Murtala Mohammed (1938–1976), military and politician; President 1975–1976
• Sani Abacha (1943–1998), military and politician; President 1993–1998
• Johannes Okoro (* 1949), Bishop of the Old Catholic Church of Austria 2008–2015
• Malam Ibrahim Shekarau (* 1955), politician
• Aliko Dangote (* 1957), entrepreneur
• Yinka Dare (1972-2004), basketball player
• Jessica McIntyre (* 1976), German-British actress
• Abdul Iyodo (* 1979), football player
• Joseph Yobo (* 1980), football player
• Dickson Etuhu (* 1982), football player
• Kelvin Etuhu (* 1988), soccer player
• Chukwubuike Adamu (* 2001), football player

Climate table

Kano
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     0   29 13     0   33 16     2   37 20th     12   39 24     50   38 25th     118   34 23     174   32 21st     228   31 21st     103   33 21st     10   35 20th     0   33 17th     0   30th 14th Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Kano Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 29.4 32.6 36.6 38.6 37.8 34.3 32.1 31.1 32.7 35.3 32.7 29.6 O 33.6 Min. Temperature (° C) 13.2 15.9 20.4 24.1 24.8 23.1 21.4 21.2 21.4 20.3 16.6 13.9 O 19.7 Precipitation ( mm ) 0 0 2 12 50 118 174 228 103 10 0 0 Σ 697 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 7.9 8.3 7.7 7.8 8.5 8.7 7.4 7.1 8.0 8.6 8.8 8.4 O 8.1 Rainy days ( d ) 0 0 0 1 4th 8th 13 14th 8th 1 0 0 Σ 49 Humidity ( % ) 26th 22nd 23 34 51 64 75 80 74 55 33 28 O 47.2 Source: wetterkontor.de

See also

• Home states

literature

• Heinrich Barth: Reisen und Entdeckungen , 2nd vol., Gotha 1857 ("Stay in Kano", pp. 113-166).
• Christoph Becker: Kano, an African city , Hamburg 1969.
• Adamu M. Fika: The Kano Civil War and British Over-rule: 1882-1940 , Ibadan 1978.
• Dierk Lange: Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa , Dettelbach 2004 (Kanos founding history, pp. 248–250).
• Herbert R. Palmer: Sudanese Memoirs , 3 Vols., Lagos 1928 ("Kano Chronicle" in Vol. III, pp. 97-131).
• Michael G. Smith: Government in Kano: 1350-1950 , Boulder 1997.

Web links

Commons : Kano  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Kano Online (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population figures of the city ​​of Kano ( Memento of the original from December 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
2. ↑ Population figures for the Kano metropolitan area ( Memento of the original from December 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ A land on fire. In: Die Welt Kompakt . January 23, 2012, accessed January 27, 2012 . 
4. ^ Johannes Dieterich: Over 180 dead in further attacks in Nigeria. In: Frankfurter Rundschau . January 22, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2012 . 
5. ↑ ^{a b} Thomas Scheen: Hunt for Christians in Northern Nigeria. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . January 22, 2012. Retrieved January 24, 2012 . 
6. ↑ Kenya and Nigeria: Numerous Christians die in attacks on church services. In: Spiegel Online . April 29, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
7. ^ Massacre in Nigeria: Islamists kill 19 people in attack on Christians. In: Focus . April 30, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
8. ↑ Nigeria: Dozens dead in attack on bus. In: rtl.de. February 14, 2016, accessed January 23, 2017.
9. ↑ A series of attacks shakes Nigeria. Deutsche Welle, November 19, 2015, accessed on November 19, 2015 . 
10. ↑ Socioeconomic Pathways and Regional Distribution of the World's 101 Largest Cities. (PDF) Global Cities Institute, accessed April 4, 2018 .