Abdalwadids

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The Abdalwadid sphere of influence

The Abdalwadids ( Central Atlas Tamazight ⵉⵣⵉⴰⵏⵉⴻⵏ Izianien , Arabic بنو عبد الواد, DMG Banū ʿAbd al-Wād ), also ciyanides or zayyanides (Arabicزيانيون, DMG Ziyānīyūn or Zayyānīyūn ) were a Muslim dynasty in western Algeria . She ruled from 1235 to 1555.

history

Around the year 1235, Abu Yahya Yaghmurasan ibn Zayyan / Ziyan made himself independent from the Almohads as the leader of the Berber Banu Abd al-Wad (also: Banu Ziyan / Zayyan) and founded the kingdom of the Abdalwadids with the capital Tlemcen in western Algeria . He could also lean on the Banu Hilal . Eastern Algeria remained under the rule of the Hafsides of Tunis . The Abdalwadid Empire attained considerable economic importance as the intersection of the east-west trade routes and the Trans-Saharan trade .

Since the Abdalwadids were threatened by the powerful Merinids in Morocco and the Hafsids in Ifrīqiya , they tried to establish good relations with the Nasrids of Granada and Castile . Since 1283 the empire was exposed to constant attacks by the Merinids, but under Abu Hammu I. Musa (r. 1308-1318) and Abu Tashfin I (r. 1318-1337) it experienced a heyday, but this was due to the Merinid occupation of the Landes (1335-1359) was interrupted.

Under Abu Hammu II Musa (r. 1359-1383) the empire regained its independence, but lost its importance in the 15th century due to internal power struggles and unrest among the Bedouins . At first the Abdalwadids were vassals of the Merinids, since 1411 the suzerainty of the Hafsids had to be recognized. During this time, the Berbers in western Algeria were almost completely Arabized by the Bedouins.

In 1509 the Abdalwadids had to recognize the sovereignty of Spain when this Oran conquered. Up until 1554, the empire was fiercely contested between Spain and Muslim corsairs supported by the Ottomans . The latter were able to finally conquer Tlemcen in 1550 and put an end to the kingdom of the Abdalwadids.

Ruler list

  • to Spain (1543–1544)

literature

  • Ulrich Haarmann : History of the Arab World. Edited by Heinz Halm. 4th revised and expanded edition. C. H. Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-47486-1 ( Beck's historical library ).
  • Stephan Ronart, Nandy Ronart: Lexicon of the Arab World. A historical-political reference work. Artemis Verlag, Zurich u. a. 1972, ISBN 3-7608-0138-2 .

Web links

Commons : Zayyanides  - collection of images, videos and audio files