Ifrīqiya
Ifrīqiya ( Arabic إفريقية) or Ifrīqiyā ( Arabic إفريقيا) is the medieval Arabic name for the areas of Tunisia , East Algeria and Tripolitania . It thus covers the same area as the Roman province of Africa , from which the name Ifrīqiya is also derived.
The Maghreb to the west of it was referred to as al-maghrib al-awsat ("central west", for example Algeria) and al-maghrib al-aqsa ("far west", present-day Morocco). In modern Arabic, Ifrīqiya refers to the entire continent of Africa .
The country was subject to protracted battles between 663 and 703 by the Muslim Arabs under Uqba ibn Nafi , Hassan ibn al-Numan and Musa ibn Nusayr . Above all, the united Berber tribes under Kusaila ibn Lemzem and the al-Kahina offered fierce resistance. Even after the submission there was no calming down of the country, as there were now uprisings of the Kharijites and others. a. m. broke out under Abu l-Chattab al-Maafiri . Only after the suppression of the Malzūza-Berber uprising under Abū Ḥātim al-Malzūzī did the situation in the province calm down towards the end of the 8th century.
During and shortly after the Muslim conquest of North Africa, the entire Maghreb and also Andalusia were ruled by the governor in Ifrīqiya , who in turn was subordinate to the governor of Egypt until 705 . The capital of the region was initially Kairuan , since the 10th century al-Mahdiya , which was replaced by Tunis in the 13th century . The country's economic and cultural boom took place under Muslim rule. Ifrīqiya was the starting point for the extensive Arabization of the Berber tribes of the Maghreb.
Because of the great distance of Ifrīqiyas from the imperial center in Iraq , the governors of the Muhallabites achieved extensive independence from the Abbasids . After their fall, the Abbasids had to cede rule to the Aghlabids (800–909) around 800 . The Fatimids (909–973), the Zirids (973–1152), the Almohads (1152–1229) and the Hafsids (1229–1574) followed until the 16th century , before the Ottomans were able to assert their sovereignty and Tunisia its current borders received.
Rifa'a at-Tahtawi assumed in the middle of the 19th century that Ifrīqiya is the origin of the name Africa , which "the Franks" - as he calls the Europeans - gave the whole continent.
See also
literature
- Mohamed Talbi : L'Émirat aghlabide. 184-296 / 800-909. Histoire politique. Adrien-Maisonneuve, Paris 1966, pp. 122-129.
- Encyclopaedia of Islam Volume 3: H - Iram. New Edition. Brill, Leiden 1986, p. 1047 ff.
notes
- ↑ Rifāʿa al-Ţahṭāwī: A Muslim discovers Europe, the journey of an Egyptian to Paris in the 19th century (original title: Taḫlīṣ al-ibrīz fī talḫīṣ Bārīber ), translated, edited and commented on by Karl Stowasser. Gustav Kiepenheuer, Leipzig and Weimar 1988, p. 23. Further edition: Beck, Munich 1989.