Pierre d'Ailly

Pierre d'Ailly

Pierre d'Ailly (* 1350 in Compiègne ; † August 9, 1420 in Avignon ; Latin Petrus de Alliaco , German Petrus von Ailly , Peter von Ailly ) was a French theologian and cardinal from 1411 (title church: San Crisogono ).

Life

Peter of Ailly studied until his promotion as a doctor of theology in 1381 at de Collège Navarre in Paris , was in the same year canon in Noyon and from 1384 to 1389 grand master in Paris when he and John Gerson taught. In 1389 he was Charles VI's confessor . , Chancellor of the Sorbonne from 1389 to 1395 . In 1395 he became bishop of Le Puy-en-Velay , in 1397 of Cambrai . In the controversy of the Western Schism , he stood up for the Avignon antipope Benedict XIII. one, but pleaded for the resignation of both popes. At the Council of Constance (1414-1418) he supported Johannes Gerson. The initiative of the two theologians contributed to ending the schism after the council.

On June 7, 1415, also at the council, he took part in the interrogation of Jan Hus . Since Hus represented realism in the universal dispute, Ailly deduced from this that Hus must also have denied transubstantiation and must have taught consubstantiation . Hus denied this, but was burned as a heretic based on this conclusion and numerous testimonies . In the years that followed, this led to a decline in realism and an upswing in nominalism at universities.

In 1418 Peter von Ailly retired to Avignon and mainly wrote mystical and ascetic works.

His works are shaped by the spirit of nominalism and especially influenced by Wilhelm von Ockham , Heinrich von Langenstein , Johannes Gerson and Roger Bacon . His astronomical and geographical book Imago mundi (1410), which is compiled from various ancient and medieval writings, was one of the sources of Christopher Columbus for his idea to look for a sea ​​route to India across the Atlantic .

The moon crater Aliacensis is named after him.

Works

Concordantiae astronomiae cum theologia , Augsburg 1490: Theologian and astronomer in dispute

Lectura ad formandos libellos , manuscript. Toledo, Biblioteca de la Catedral de Toledo.

• Destructiones modorum significandi (before 1400, also attributed to Thomas Maulfelt)
• Tractatus de materia Concilii generalis (ca.1403)
• Tractatus vel capita agendorum in concilio generali de reformatione ecclesiae (ca.1409)
• De Ecclesia, conciliis generalis et summi Ponitificis auctoritate (1416)
• Imago mundi
• Quaestiones zur Sphaera mundi by Johannes de Sacrobosco , printed Paris 1468
• Meditationes super septem psalmos poenitentiales , [Cologne]: [Arnold ter Hoernen], [around 1472] ( digitized version )
• Tractatus et sermones . Fratres vitae communis, Brussels 9. VI. 1481 - 1483 ( digitized version )
• Quaestiones super libros sententiarum cum quibusdam in fine adjunctis (printed Strasbourg 1490)
• Tractatus et sermones (printed Strasbourg 1490)
• Concordantiae astronomiae cum theologia necnon historicae veritatis narratione (printed Augsburg 1490)
• De quattuor gradibus scalae spiritualis
• Super libros metheororum: de impressionibus aeris (printed without location 1504)
• MS-B-203 - (Ps .-) Anselmus Cantuariensis. Bonaventure. (Ps .-) Augustine. (Ps .-) Bernardus Claraevallensis. Arnulfus de Boeriis. Petrus de Alliaco (theological collective manuscript). Kreuzherrenkonvent (?), Düsseldorf [around 1508] ( digitized version )

literature

• Marguerite Chappuis: Le traité de Pierre d'Ailly sur la Consolation de Boèce, Qu. 1 (= Bochum studies on philosophy. 20). Grüner, Amsterdam et al. 1993, ISBN 90-6032-338-6 .
• Klaus D. Dutz, Peter Schmitter (eds.): Case studies on the historiography of linguistics: Heraklit, d'Ailly and Leibniz (= Institute for General Linguistics of the Westphalian Wilhelms University. Work reports. 2). 2nd, revised edition. Institute for General Linguistics at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster 1985, ISBN 3-89083-502-3 .
• Ansgar Frenken:  PETER from Ailly. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 7, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-048-4 , Sp. 320-324.
• Bernard Guenée: Entre l'Église et l'État. Quatre vies de prélats français de la fin du Moyen Age (XIIIe - XVe siècle). Gallimard, Paris 1987, ISBN 2-07-070880-2 .
• Bernhard Meller : Studies on the epistemology of Peter von Ailly (= Freiburg theological studies. H. 67, ISSN  0174-5875 ). Attached: Ailly's tract de materia concilii generalis. Herder, Freiburg (Breisgau) 1954.
• Sigrid Müller : Theology and Philosophy in the Late Middle Ages. The beginnings of the “via moderna” and its significance for the development of moral theology (1380–1450) . Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-402-11928-0 , pp. 27–91.
• Gilbert Ouy: Le recueil épistolaire autographe de Pierre d'Ailly et les notes d'Italie de Jean de Montreuil, Cambrai 940, Vat. Reg. Lat. 689A, Vat. Reg. Lat. 1653 (= Umbrae codicum occidentalium. 9, ZDB -ID 1036604-0 ). North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam 1966.
• Olaf Pluta: The philosophical psychology of Peter von Ailly. A contribution to the history of the philosophy of the late Middle Ages (= Bochum studies on philosophy. 6). Grüner, Amsterdam 1987, ISBN 90-6032-275-4 (also: Bochum, Universität, Dissertation, 1985).
• Paul Tschackert : Peter von Ailli (Petrus de Alliaco). On the history of the great occidental schism and the reform conciliations of Pisa and Constanz. Perthes, Gotha 1877, ( digitized version ).

Web links

• Literature by and about Pierre d'Ailly in the catalog of the German National Library
• Digital edition of the Concordantiae astronomiae cum theologia necnon historicae veritatis narratione, after the Augsburg print of 1490
• Works (facsimiles) at the Biblioteca de la Universidad de Sevilla

Individual evidence

1. ^ Marten JFM Hoenen: Controversies in Philosophy. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 5th lecture on November 22, 2010, 1:05 - 1:20

predecessor	Office	successor
Ando of Luxemburg-Ligny	Bishop of Cambrai 1398-1411	Johann of Bavaria-Straubing
Itier de Martreuil	Bishop of Le Puy-en-Velay 1395-1397	Elie de Lestrange