Otto III. from Hachberg
Otto III. von Hachberg (born March 6, 1388 at Rötteln Castle ; † November 14, 1451 in Konstanz ) was Bishop of Konstanz from 1410 to 1434 . During this time he was the host of the Council of Constance (1414-1418).
Although belonging to the Hachberg-Sausenberg house and actually Otto II there, he is consistently referred to in historical literature as Otto III. von Hachberg, since he was the third Bishop of Constance named Otto.
family
Otto was the eldest son of Margrave Rudolf III. von Hachberg-Sausenberg and Anna von Freiburg-Neuchâtel . Margrave Wilhelm (Hachberg-Sausenberg) was his younger brother. The family of the Margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg was a side line of the Margraves of Baden .
The Bishop of Constance
Although the eldest son usually succeeded a territorial lord, the father chose a spiritual career for Otto. Otto was later described as one-eyed and frequently ill, although reports suggest that he suffered from epilepsy . This is probably the reason why he was not considered suitable for the succession in a time of knights feuding . His younger brother, Rudolf the Younger († 1419), was chosen to succeed the Margrave.
As early as 1403 - Otto was just 15 years old - he was named Canon of Basel and Pope Boniface IX. stood up for Otto at the cathedral provost of Basel, with a reward for the change of front of his father, Rudolf III., from the antipope in Avignon, Benedict XIII. to the Roman Pope is to be assumed. In 1404 Otto is named in the registers of the University of Heidelberg as a cleric of the Diocese of Constance and Canon of Basel and Cologne . In Heidelberg he studied grammar and canon law ( decretals ) for about a year .
The negotiations of Rudolf III in 1409/1410 also fit into the business-minded climate of the Roman Church at that time. with the Bishop of Constance Albrecht Blarer about his resignation and the handover to Otto in return for financial compensation. In doing so, they were sure of papal backing, since they agreed to obtain the consent of a Pope recognized by Bishop Blarer to cede the diocese, even against the resistance of the Constance cathedral chapter .
The tough negotiations were concluded on July 11, 1410 and the cathedral chapter initially gave up its resistance. In December 1410 Otto received confirmation from Antipope John XXIII. On February 2, 1411 Otto also took over the government of the Principality of Constance - he never received episcopal ordination .
Otto struggled with the debts of the diocese, but had to make structural changes to the Episcopal Palatinate in view of the Council of Constance , which was to begin in 1414 . Construction work on the Margaret Chapel probably followed in 1423 and later on the Konstanz Minster . In general, Otto was considered willing to build and was accused of having increased the diocese's debts enormously.
Bad health, politically and financially under pressure, Otto temporarily stopped his official duties in December 1424. The cathedral chapter was to administer the diocese through a deputy. In 1427 he wanted to take over the administration of the diocese again, whereby the new start was burdened by another dispute with the cathedral chapter, which he triggered by the physical dismissal of high diocesan officials. Not until 1429 does he really seem to have taken over the government again. As early as 1431, the ongoing dispute with the cathedral chapter escalated again and Otto even moved his administrative headquarters to Schaffhausen at short notice . The conflict even preoccupied the Council of Basel in 1432 . Shortly after a positive arbitration award for Otto, the next conflict with the cathedral chapter arose. The Corpus Christi procession in 1432 turned out to be a political demonstration with three competing processions in Constance. Again the Basel Council was preoccupied with the local disputes. The compromise found there partially disempowered Otto. When Otto entered into negotiations with Friedrich von Zollern in 1433 about handing over the diocese, because he had health problems again, the cathedral chapter fell back on it. Once again, the council and papal representatives had to deal with the conflict. On September 6, 1434 Otto was deposed as Bishop of Constance and appointed titular Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine .
The private scholar
After his dismissal, which is often called " resignation " in literature , Otto greatly expanded the library he had begun at the time of the Council through purchases and commissioned copies. The complete collection of the Corpus Iuris Canonici and Roman legal literature prove a focus of interest in canon law. Another focus was on the veneration of Mary .
Otto's library also contained three codices with mostly self-written treatises . This also includes the treatise De conceptione beatae virginis . With the treatise Otto responded to a local debate in Constance between the Franciscans and the Dominicans, who were connected to him, and was by no means involved in the debate of the Council of Basel and its decision on this subject. Otto, however, sent this treatise to the council scholars in Basel for assessment, although he was in stark contrast to their opposition to the Pope. In March 1446, John of Segovia confirmed Otto's view of the Immaculate Conception ; Otto did not disseminate original ideas in this or any other document.
After Otto's death (1451) his brother Wilhelm inherited Otto's stately library (with 58 volumes), which he sold in 1451 to the abbot of the Reichenau monastery , Friedrich von Wartenberg. Otto's estate became part of the famous Reichenau library .
The bishop and his coins
1413 handed over Diethelm III. from Krenkingen the city of Tiengen to the Prince Diocese of Constance. With that, Bishop Otto came into possession of the Tiengen Mint. After the mint in Konstanz had already been taken over by the city of Konstanz in 1367, Tiengen was the only mint of the Bishop of Konstanz. Bracteates were beaten in Tiengen . Four types are known from the term of office of Bishop Otto, each showing a bishop's head in profile or from the front. The Baden coat of arms is also partially recognizable. It is assumed that after 1425 no more coins were struck in Tiengen and that Bishop Otto was the last Bishop of Constance to use this coin.
Otto von Hachberg in contemporary literature?
So far, shortly before Otto's term of office, a noble advocate of the Prince Diocese of Constance, Heinrich von Wittenwile , wrote the satirical didactic poem "The Ring" which consists of 9699 rhyming verses. There are approaches in the scientific discussion that can be seen in the figure of Egghart Kuhpflatsch Bishop Otto von Hachberg outlined there .
Manuscripts
- Otto III Bishop of Constanz (1411–1434; died 1451) and other writings - Aug. perg. 34 ( digitized version )
- Description of this in: Die Reichenauer Handschriften: Die Parchamenthandschriften / described and explained by Alfred Holder , pp. 132-139 ( digitized version )
- Otto III Bishop of Constanz (1411–1434; died 1451) - Aug. perg. 39 ( digitized version )
- Description of this in: The Reichenauer Manuscripts: Die Parchamenthandschriften / described and explained by Alfred Holder , pp. 157–159 ( digitized version )
literature
- Thomas Martin Buck : Otto III. von Hachberg (1410–1434). A Bishop of Constance in a new light . In: Ralf Wagner et al. (Editor), State Palaces and Gardens of Baden-Württemberg (Editor): Burg Rötteln: Rule between Basel and France . JS Klotz publishing house. Neulingen 2020, ISBN 978-3-948424-60-2 , pp. 116-129
- Udo Janson: Otto von Hachberg (1388–1451), Bishop of Constance, and his treatise “De conceptione beatae virginis” . In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive , Volume 88 (Third Volume • Volume Twenty), 1968, pp. 205–358 online at the Freiburg University Library
- Josef Bader : Otto von Hachberg, Bishop of Konstanz , in: Badenia 3, 1844, pp. 227–231 online in the Google book search
- Regesta of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050-1515 , published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester , Innsbruck 1892 in the Internet Archive
- Albert Werminghoff : The literary activity of Bishop Otto III. von Konstanz , in: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine Volume 51, 1897, pp. 1-40 online in the Internet Archive
- Max Wingenroth : The burial chapel of Otto III. von Hachberg, Bishop of Constance, and the painting during the Constance Council, Part II . In: Schau-ins-Land Volume 36, 1909, pp. 17–48 Digital copy of the Freiburg University Library
- Karl Joseph Rieder (editor), Baden Historical Commission (editor): Regesta episcoporum Constantiensium. Regesta on the history of the bishops of Constance, from Bubulcus to Thomas Berlower (517-1496) , Volume 3 (1384-1436), Innsbruck 1931-1941, pp. 173-331 Internet Archive
- Christoph Schulthaiß: Constance diocesan chronicle . Edited by Johann Marmor from the author's handwriting. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive Volume 8, 1874, pp. 1–101 (Otto von Hachberg pp. 53–57); URN: urn: nbn: de: bsz: 25-opus-63489 online at the Freiburg University Library .
- Philipp Ruppert (editor): The Chronicles of the City of Konstanz , Konstanz 1891, pp. 444–446 in the Internet archive
- Henry Gerlach: Bishop Otto III. von Hachberg: the host without a profile. In: Silvia Volkart (Ed.): Rome on Lake Constance: the time of the Konstanz Council , Zurich, 2014, pp. 95–96
- Andreas Bihrer : A celebration without the host? The Bishop of Constance and the Council. In: Karl-Heinz Braun, Birgit Studt (eds.): The name of Konstanz went down all over the world. Framework conditions and reception of the Council of Constance. Stuttgart 2016, pp. 13–34
- Jacob Merck: Chronik deß Bißthumbs Constantz , Constanz 1627, pp. 250-254 Google digitized
- Franz Josef Mone : Otto von Hochberg, Bishop of Constance. In: Writings of the Alterthumsverein für das Großherzogthum Baden , Volume 2 (1846), p. 253 digitized
- Franz Josef Mone : Sources collection of the Baden regional history , Volume 1 (1848), pp. 234–235 digitized
- Michael Bärmann: Heroes Among Peasants: Attempt to Heinrich Wittenwiler 's 'Ring'. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings, Volume 119 (2001), pp. 59-105 online
- Max Blaschegg: The barons of Krenkingen and their Tiengen mint. In: Archives héraldiques suisses, Archivum heraldicum / ed. by the Swiss Heraldic Society - 114. 2000, pp. 87–120 digitized ; with images of coins
Web links
- Otto episcopus Constantiensis in the repertory "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages"
- Lucas Burkart : Hochberg [Hachberg], Otto von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Web access to the regests of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050-1515
- Image of the tomb of Otto III. im: Bildarchiv Foto Marburg - Image index of art and architecture
- Grave of Constance Bishop Otto von Hachberg, + 1432 in the Margaretenkapelle of Constance Minster. 19th century lithograph. Retrieved January 15, 2019
- Entry on Otto von Hachberg on catholic-hierarchy.org ; accessed on November 1, 2019.
References and comments
- ↑ Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg 1050 - 1515 , published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester , Innsbruck 1892, p h81, Certificate no. h760 in the Internet Archive
- ↑ Gustav Toepke (Ed.): The matriculation of the University of Heidelberg: From 1386 - 1553 , Heidelberg 1884, p. 93 Heidelberg University Library or the handwritten original matriculation of the University of Heidelberg (Volume 1): 1386–1432, p. 63v Heidelberg University Archives
- ↑ See Janson p. 220
- ↑ 1378–1449 there was usually a choice between several popes / counter-popes
- ↑ Regesten the Margrave of Baden and Hachberg 1050 - 1515 , published by the Baden Historical Commission, edited by Richard Fester , Innsbruck 1892, p h97, Certificate no. h926 in the Internet Archive
- ↑ A facsimile of the certificate is printed in Badisches Landesmuseum (editor): The Konstanz Council - 1414-1418. World event of the Middle Ages , Darmstadt, Theiss. (2014), p. 117, ISBN 9783806200010
- ↑ the persistent news about health problems for many years suggests a chronic illness; historical sources speak of epilepsy, also called Herculeus disease
- ↑ This year, Otto is on April 20 in -chivalry St. George added
- ^ Raymond Janin, v. 5. Césarée de Palestine. , In Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques , Volume XII, Paris 1953, Col. 209 (French)
- ↑ see Blaschegg
- ↑ see Michael Bärmann: Heroes among farmers: Attempt to Heinrich Wittenwilers 'Ring'. In: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings, Volume 119 (2001), pp. 59-105 online
- ↑ on p. 139 erroneously speaks of the sale of the manuscript by Margrave Friedrich von Rötteln. In fact, it is Margrave Wilhelm von Hachberg-Sausenberg
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Albrecht Blarer |
Bishop of Constance 1410–1434 |
Friedrich III. from Zollern |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Otto III. from Hachberg |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Otto II of Hachberg-Sausenberg; Otto marchio de Hochberg |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bishop of Constance |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 6, 1388 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Rötteln Castle |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 14, 1451 |
| Place of death | Constancy |