Inner Austria

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Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806) .svg
Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Inner Austria
coat of arms
Bindenschild Privilegium maius 1512.svg
map
AvI Province of Inner Austria.jpg
“Inner Austria” remained a common term even after the administrative unit was dissolved, here: at the end of the 18th century


Arose from Hztm. Styria , Carinthia , Carniola and the coastal region
Form of rule Lieutenancy
Ruler / government Archduke of Austria / governor
Today's region / s AT / IT / SI


Reichskreis Austrian Imperial Circle
Capitals / residences Graz
Dynasties Habsburg , Habsburg Inner Austria
Denomination / Religions Catholic
Language / n Bavarian , Slovenian , Furlanic


Incorporated into (same)


Inner Austria is a comprehensive name for the countries south of Semmering , that is, the duchies of Styria , Carinthia , Carniola and the coastal region . As a political unit it existed in the course of the Habsburg inheritance divisions 1379 / 1411-1457 and 1564-1619, residence was Graz .

The name became common in the middle of the 15th century, as a contrast to the federal states of Lower Austria (Austria proper, i.e. Austria above the Enns / Upper Austria and Austria under the Enns / Lower Austria) and the federal states of Upper Austria (i.e. Tyrol and the foreland ) .

The first division took place between the Leopoldine and Albertine lines , after Albrecht III. with the braid and Leopold III. the Righteous , the sons of Albrecht II the Wise , on the Neuberg partition contract of September 25, 1379 - and the following redistributions in 1395/6 ( Treaty of Hollenburg ) , 1406 (death of Wilhelm the ambitious / friendly ) and 1411 (death of Leopold the Dicken ). The first Habsburg to reside in Graz was Ernst der Eiserne , also his son Emperor Friedrich III. resided there again and again.

In the course of the second division of the estate in 1564 among the sons of Ferdinand I , the youngest son Karl II received this land complex. This was organized as a separate sovereignty, which above all also had its own war authority. This had the task of border protection against the Ottoman Empire and was therefore only moved to Vienna in 1705. The establishment of the military border was organized from Graz.

After Ferdinand III. of Inner Austria under the name Ferdinand II. 1619 became emperor and sovereign of the Bohemian (1617, with interruption) and Lower Austrian states, the state complex gradually merged into the overall Habsburg empire . A governor of Inner Austria as an intermediary authority for the individual countries, however, persisted until the time of Maria Theresa . Also, for example, the scope of their Constitutio Criminalis Theresiana is given as “everyone in our royal-Bohemian, as well as lower, inner, upper and front-Austrian hereditary lands”.

Dukes / Archdukes in Inner Austria

from the Leopoldine line :

from the Habsburg-Inner Austria line :

Colloquial use

In the 20th and 21st centuries, residents of Vorarlberg used the term Inner Austria as an allusion to the geographic location and the affiliation of Vorarlberg to the old Upper Austria in the meaning of "Austria without Vorarlberg" or "Austria without Vorarlberg and Tyrol".

literature

  • France M. Dolinar (Ed.): Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation in Inner Austria 1564–1628 . Hermagoras, Klagenfurt 1994, ISBN 3-85013-358-3 .
  • Werner Drobesch, Peter G. Tropper (Ed.): The Jesuits in Inner Austria. The cultural and intellectual character of a region in the 17th and 18th centuries . Hermagoras, Klagenfurt, Vienna 2006.
  • Joseph Karl Kindermann, Keresztély Junker, Gerhard Michael Dienes: Atlas of Inneroesterreich. The province of Inner-Austria or the duchies of Steyermark, Kaernten and Krain, the counties of Goerz and Gradisca and the German-Austrian littoral . Archiv-Verlag, Vienna 2005 (reprint based on the orig. Cards from the years 1789–1797).
  • Alexander Novotny (Red.): Inner Austria 1564–1619 . Styrian regional government, Graz 1967.
  • Christa Schillinger-Prass, Ilse Brehmer: Education for girls in Inner Austria . Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv, Graz 2000, ISBN 3-901938-03-6 .

historical monographs:

  • Ignaz de Luca: The Archduchy of Austria. 1. Volume of the Geographical Handbook of the Austrian State. Verlag Joseph V. Degen, Vienna 1791, Inneröstreich , pp. 555-574 ( Google eBook, complete view ; more detailed descriptions in each case in volume 2. The countries located in the Austrian district ).

Web links

Commons : Innerösterreich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Judgment of the Supreme Court of June 15, 1988, 9 ObA 126/88.
  2. ↑ Parliamentary question in the Bundesrat 2048 / J-BR BR of 23 December 2002.