Ahmedabad

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Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad (India)
Red pog.svg
State : IndiaIndia India
State : Gujarat
District : Ahmedabad
Sub-district : Ahmedabad
Location : 22 ° 59 ′  N , 72 ° 36 ′  E Coordinates: 22 ° 59 ′  N , 72 ° 36 ′  E
Area : 466 km²
Inhabitants :
-  Agglomeration :		 5,570,585 (2011)
6,352,254 (2011)
Population density : 11,954 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 380001-382481
Website : https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/index.jsp
An alley in the old city of Ahmedabad
An alley in the old city of Ahmedabad

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Ahmedabad ( Gujarati : અમદાવાદ , Amdāvād ; from Persian احمدآباد, "City of Ahmed"; old Indian name: Karnavati ) is with 5.6 million inhabitants (2011 census) the fifth largest city in India and the economic center in Gujarat .

geography

Ahmedabad is located in western India on the Sabarmati River about 50 kilometers from its confluence with the Gulf of Khambhat , part of the Arabian Sea . The climate in Ahmedabad is hot and dry from February to May, while the monsoon season from June to August receives a large part of the annual rainfall. The months of November to January are cooler with daytime temperatures below 30 ° C and night temperatures of around 10 ° C.

Due to its geographical location, Ahmedabad is threatened by four different natural disasters: earthquakes , cyclones , floods and droughts . Floods occur regularly in connection with the monsoon rains as well as with the storms. If there is no monsoon for several years or if it is very weak, droughts occur. On January 26, 2001, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9 on the Richter scale struck the state of Gujarat, with 17,122 fatalities according to official figures. Unofficial estimates put well over 100,000 victims. In Ahmedabad, 12 high-rise buildings and around 300 other buildings were destroyed and a large number of buildings were damaged.

Climate table

Ahmedabad
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
2
 
29
13
 
 
1.2
 
31
15th
 
 
1.1
 
36
19th
 
 
1.9
 
40
24
 
 
9.1
 
41
26th
 
 
100
 
39
27
 
 
307
 
34
26th
 
 
220
 
32
25th
 
 
126
 
34
24
 
 
13
 
36
22nd
 
 
5.8
 
33
18th
 
 
1.6
 
30th
14th
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Ahmedabad
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 28.7 31.1 35.9 39.5 41.4 38.5 33.5 32.0 33.5 35.9 33.2 29.9 O 34.4
Min. Temperature (° C) 13.1 14.8 19.4 23.6 26.4 27.2 25.8 24.9 24.4 21.9 17.5 14.1 O 21.1
Precipitation ( mm ) 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.9 9.1 100.2 306.8 219.9 125.7 13.0 5.8 1.6 Σ 788.3
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 9.3 9.7 9.0 9.9 10.6 7.9 4.2 3.6 7.4 9.4 9.1 9.3 O 8.3
Rainy days ( d ) 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 6.1 15.8 16.9 7.5 1.1 0.9 0.3 Σ 50.7
Humidity ( % ) 49 43 37 41 47 62 77 81 71 53 48 50 O 55
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
28.7
13.1
31.1
14.8
35.9
19.4
39.5
23.6
41.4
26.4
38.5
27.2
33.5
25.8
32.0
24.9
33.5
24.4
35.9
21.9
33.2
17.5
29.9
14.1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		2.0
1.2
1.1
1.9
9.1
100.2
306.8
219.9
125.7
13.0
5.8
1.6
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

history

The history of Ahmedabad begins in the 11th century with King Karnadeva I, a Solanki ruler. He defeated a local Bhil king in Ashaval and founded the city of Karnavati there. At the end of the 13th century, the Sultanate of Delhi subjugated Gujarat , and in the early 15th century it came under the rule of Ahmad Shah I , who had Ahmedabad ("founded by Ahmed") built on the banks of the Sabarmati near Karnavati (1411). As the capital of Gujarat, the city grew rapidly and at the end of the 15th century a 10 km long city ​​wall with twelve gates was built around it. During the Mughal period , trade in textiles , which were exported to Europe, flourished . In 1758 the Marathas of Ragunath Rao and Damaji Gaikwad conquered the city and thus sealed the end of the Mughal rule over Ahmedabad. A famine and the joint rule of the Peshwas and Gaikwad almost led to the city's demise. In 1818 it was taken over by the British East India Company . In the middle of the 19th century, a city administration and a rail link to Bombay were established.

In 1915, after his return from South Africa , Mahatma Gandhi settled in Ahmedabad and founded the Harijan Ashram on the banks of the Sabarmati. From here he began his peaceful salt march against the British colonial power in 1930 from his ashram down to the coastal village of Dandi to protest against the introduction of a salt tax. He vowed before the march not to return to the Ashram until India achieved independence - he did not return. Ahmedabad became the capital of the Gujarat state after independence was finally achieved in 1947. A government reform in 1970 downgraded Ahmedabad from the state capital to the district capital and the state government was relocated to the satellite city of Gandhinagar, 30 kilometers to the north .

population

Seller of freshly squeezed fruit juice in Ahmedabad

According to the 2011 census, Ahmedabad has 5,570,585 inhabitants. This makes it the fifth largest city in India after Mumbai , Delhi , Bangalore and Hyderabad . The population density is 11,954 inhabitants per square kilometer (for comparison: Mumbai approx. 20,700 people / km², Berlin approx. 3,900 people / km² ). 6,352,254 people live in the Ahmedabad agglomeration , which extends beyond the administrative city limits. This makes Ahmedabad the seventh largest metropolitan area in India after Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta , Chennai , Bangalore and Hyderabad.

Ahmedabad is experiencing rapid population growth due to rural exodus and urbanization . Between 2001 and 2011, the population grew by over 50 percent from 3.6 to 5.6 million. This is also due to the urban expansion from 2006 to 2008, during which the area of ​​the urban area increased from 190 square kilometers to 464 square kilometers. But the entire Ahmedabad agglomeration also experienced a considerable population growth from 4.5 million to 6.4 million (plus 41 percent) in the same period. A population of over 12.4 million people is expected in the agglomeration by 2050.

Religions

According to the 2011 census, 82 percent of Ahmedabad's population are Hindu and 14 percent Muslim . The relationship between the religious groups is tense and has repeatedly erupted into serious unrest in the past, most recently in 2002. Almost four percent of the population of Ahmedabad are Jainas , less than one percent are Christians . Ahmedabad is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ahmedabad , the Diocese of Gujarat of the Anglican Church of North India and the Diocese of Ahmedabad of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church .

traffic

Autorickshaw in traffic
Road traffic in the old town 2007

Road traffic in Ahmedabad is dominated by the large number of two-wheelers, mainly scooters and small motorcycles with a displacement of less than 125 cm³. Ahmedabad is the city with the highest density of two-wheelers in South Asia. Local passenger and freight traffic is dominated by auto rickshaws and three-wheelers , which were previously equipped with diesel or gasoline two-stroke engines. Due to the high level of environmental pollution, the government passed a law in 2001 to make it compulsory to convert auto rickshaws to LPG drives, which was implemented within a few years. The automobile is slowly gaining ground in private transport - the traffic density is high and increasing weekly. Although traffic jams are still rare on the main traffic arteries, the traffic system threatens to collapse with a further increase in individual traffic.

Public transport

Ahmedabad has a dense local bus system. There are also more than 100,000 registered auto rickshaws in the city (2015).

Ahmedabad has one domestic and one international airport, Ahmedabad Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport . There are daily connections to Delhi and Mumbai , further connections to other important cities in India, as well as to the South (East) Asian region such as B. to Dubai (with Emirates ) and Doha ( Qatar Airways ). The connection to the railway network offers direct connections to Mumbai and Delhi. Ahmedabad is on National Highway 8.

Infrastructure

Ahmedabad has a well-developed road network in the urban area. Due to the inadequate sewage system, even important transport hubs can be up to a meter deep under water during the monsoon season .

The energy system is relatively stable due to a power plant in the urban area. Power outages happen occasionally and can last for hours.

The water supply is a problem for the city. The water is heavily polluted and can only be used as drinking water when it is filtered; the groundwater level has been falling seriously for several years.

Pollution from fats, oils and detergents

The city's water supply is not sustainably secured, so the city could run out of water in a few years without a good water management concept.

Pollution is another problem facing the city. Citizens are currently producing around 600 grams of garbage per person per day, there is no waste disposal or recycling system, air pollution is reaching critical levels and in some cases is over three times the limit value for dust particles.

economy

The Adani Group is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Ahmedabad.

education

The city is the seat of various universities. In addition to Gujarat University and Gujarat Vidyapith , one of the best business schools in Asia is located here, the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad .

Sports

The Sardar Patel Stadium (also Motera Stadium ) in the Motera district is (as of 2020) the largest cricket stadium in the world.

Others

Attractions

Amdavad ni Gufa

In 2017 the old town of Ahmedabad was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Alcohol ban

In Ahmedabad and the entire state of Gujarat there has been a ban on alcoholic stimulants since 1961. Prohibition was introduced when the state of Gujarat was founded, in reminiscence of the state's most famous son, Mahatma Gandhi , who was a staunch opponent of alcohol consumption. Foreigners have the opportunity to purchase a tourist alcohol license in the duty-free area upon arrival at the international airport .

Saptak music festival

In 1980 Ravi Shankar and Kishor Maharaj founded one of the most important festivals of Indian classical music there , which takes place every January.

Smart City : GIFT City

Since 2007 a business district has been developed and built in Ahmedabad by the Gujarat government through a joint venture company with the East China Architectural Design & Research Institute (ECADI), which is responsible for planning much of modern Shanghai: Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City). It is India's first operational smart city and international financial services center.

sons and daughters of the town

Sister cities

Web links

Commons : Ahmedabad  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF file; 151 kB)
  2. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Urban Agglomerations / Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF file; 138 kB)
  3. ↑ Ahmedabad is Kanavati, only in speeches
  4. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF; 154 kB)
  5. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Urban Agglomerations / Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF; 141 kB)
  6. ↑ World 101 largest Cities. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .
  7. ^ Census of India 2011: C-1 Population By Religious Community. Gujarat.
  8. ↑ Vrajlal Sapovadia, Sweta Patel, Akash Patel: Critical Analysis of Stakeholders Involvement and Environmental Impact: Conversion of Crude Oil Based Auto Rickshaws to CNG in Ahmedabad. MPRA, April 3, 2015
  9. ↑ Entry on the website of the UNESCO World Heritage Center ( English and French ).
  10. ↑ Volker Pabst, Ahmedabad: In Gujarat there is a strict alcohol ban. Officially, most people there find it good - even if they secretly like to treat themselves to a glass | NZZ . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . ( nzz.ch [accessed December 28, 2018]).
  11. ↑ THE GUJARAT INTERNATIONAL FINANCE TEC-CITY (GIFT). Accessed March 28, 2019 .
  12. ^ GIFT makes steady progress; witnesses a 'hockey stick growth curve'. Accessed March 28, 2019 .