International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration

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The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration ( IAST ) is the academic standard for rendering Sanskrit in Latin script. It is based on a transliteration system that was presented at the 1912 Orientalist Congress in Athens . IAST enables a clear transliteration of Devanagari and other Indian scripts .

This table lists the IAST character inventory (uppercase and lowercase letters) with their Devanagari equivalents and the IPA pronunciation for Sanskrit and Hindi in traditional order.

Vowels अ  [ə]
a A 		आ  [ɑː]
ā Ā 		इ  [i]
i I 		ई  [iː]
ī Ī 		उ  [u]
u u 		ऊ  [uː]
ū Ū 		ऋ  [ɹ̩]
ṛ Ṛ 		ॠ  [ɹ̩ː]
ṝ Ṝ 		ऌ  [l̩]
ḷ Ḷ 		ॡ  [l̩ː]
ḹ Ḹ


Diphthongs ए  [eː]
e E 		ऐ  [aːi]
ai Ai 		ओ  [oː]
o O 		औ  [aːu]
au Au


Anusvara अं  [ⁿ]
ṃ 
Visarga अः  [h]
ḥ 


voiceless consonants क  [k]
k K 		च  [c]
c C 		ट  [ʈ]
ṭ Ṭ 		त  [t̪]
t T 		प  [p]
p P
aspirated voiceless consonants ख  [kʰ]
kh Kh 		छ  [cʰ]
ch Ch 		ठ  [ʈʰ]
ṭh Ṭh 		थ  [t̪ʰ]
th Th 		फ  [pʰ]
ph Ph
voiced consonants ग  [g]
g G 		ज  [ɟ]
j J 		ड  [ɖ]
ḍ Ḍ 		द  [d̪]
d D 		ब  [b]
b B
aspirated voiced consonants घ  [gʰ]
gh Gh 		झ  [ɟʰ]
cent 		ढ  [ɖʰ]
ḍh Ḍh 		ध  [d̪ʰ]
ie Dh 		भ  [bʰ]
bh bh
Nasals ङ  [ŋ]
ṅ Ṅ 		ञ  [ɲ]
ñ Ñ 		ण  [ɳ]
ṇ Ṇ 		न  [n]
n N 		म  [m]
m M
Half vowels   य  [j]
y Y 		र  [r]
r R 		ल  [l]
l L 		व  [v]
v V
Sibilants   श   [ɕ]
ś Ś 		ष  [ʂ]
ṣ Ṣ 		स  [s]
s p 		 
voiced fricative ह  [ɦ]
h H 		       

Transliteration standard for Indian scripts

In the specialist literature, the phonetic notation according to NLAC (standard for Romanization of Indian scripts according to the Indian National Library ) can be found as an extension of the IAST, which was previously used .

ISO 15919 is an IAST-based standard that contains additional letters from Indian scripts that do not appear in Sanskrit.

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