NLAC
NLAC was established by the Indian National Library in Kolkata ( National Library at Calcutta , NLAC) as a transliteration standard for the representation of Indian alphabets . It is mainly used in technical and dictionaries. In addition to the NLAC transliteration used in Indology, there is also the IAST transliteration and the phonetic representation using IPA . On the Internet one can still often find transcriptions in the pure ASCII standard ITRANS ; the Harvard-Kyoto standard is very similar .
NLAC differs from IAST in the use of ē and ō for ए and ओ (e and o are used for the short vowels) as well as in the use of 'ḷ' for the consonant ळ (for Vedic and Marathi ) or ಳ ( for Kannada ). The symbols ॠ ऌ and ॡ are not included.
Sometimes NLAC is called a Library of Congress (LC) Transliteration . NLAC and IAST are both subsets of ISO 15919 .
The table below mainly includes Devanagari letters, but also lists some sounds from the Kannada , Tamil , Malayalam, and Bengali languages to illustrate the transliteration of letters other than Devanagari.
| अ | आ | इ | ई | उ | ऊ | ऋ | ಎ | ए | ऐ | ಒ | ओ | औ | अं | अः |
| a | - | i | ī | u | ū | ṛ | e | ē | ai | O | O | ouch | at the | Ah |
| क | ख | ग | घ | ङ | च | छ | ज | झ | ञ | |||||
| ka | kha | ga | gha | n / A | approx | cha | Yes | jha | n / A | |||||
| ट | ठ | ड | ढ | ण | त | थ | द | ध | न | |||||
| ṭa | ṭha | there | ḍha | n / A | ta | tha | there | dha | n / A | |||||
| प | फ | ब | भ | म | য | ழ | ळ / ಳ | റ | ன | |||||
| pa | pha | ba | bha | ma | ẏa | ḻa | ḷa | ṟa | n / A | |||||
| य | र | ल | व | श | ष | स | ह | |||||||
| ya | ra | la | va | śa | ṣa | sa | Ha |
literature
- Aggarwal, Narindar K. 1985 (1978). A Bibliography of Studies on Hindi Language and Linguistics. 2nd Edition. Indian Documentation Service / Academic Press: Gurgaon, Haryana.