Hyderabad (India)

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Hyderabad
హైదరాబాద్
حیدر آباد
Hyderabad (India) (India)
Red pog.svg
State : IndiaIndia India
State : Telangana
District : Hyderabad , Rangareddy
Location : 17 ° 22 ′  N , 78 ° 28 ′  E Coordinates: 17 ° 22 ′  N , 78 ° 28 ′  E
Height : 506 m
Area : 625 km²
Inhabitants :
-  Agglomeration :		 6,809,970 (2011)
7,749,334 (2011)
Population density : 10,896 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 500001-501301
Website : www.ghmc.gov.in
Charminar, skyline of the Lanco Hills, Buddha statue in Hussain Sagar Lake, Birla Mandir, Golkonda Fort, Chowmahalla Palace
Charminar , skyline of the Lanco Hills ,
Buddha statue in Hussain Sagar Lake, Birla Mandir , Golkonda Fort, Chowmahalla Palace

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Hyderabad ( Telugu : హైదరాబాద్ Haidarābād [ ˈhai̯d̪əraːbaːd̪ ], Urdu :حیدر آباد Haidarābād [ hɛːd̪ (ə) raːˈbaːd̪ ], German also Haiderabad ) is the capital of the Indian state of Telangana, newly created in 2014. With 6.8 million inhabitants in the city proper and 7.7 million in the agglomeration , it is the fourth largest city in India and the center of the sixth largest metropolitan area in the country. Hyderabad is located in the center of the Deccan Plateau on the Musi River.

On June 2, 2014, Hyderabad came to the newly formed state of Telangana, which had been detached from the state of Andhra Pradesh . For a transitional phase of ten years, Hyderabad will act as the joint capital of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.

History and current political situation

Hyderabad was founded in 1590 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (ruled 1565–1611), the then ruler of the Qutb Shāhī Sultanate , who moved the capital from Golkonda here. From 1724 to 1948 it was the capital of the princely state of Hyderabad under the Asaf-Jahi dynasty. As such, it was an important center of Indian-Muslim culture, in which traditionally educated Muslims who had little career prospects in directly British-ruled territory were highly regarded. The city's population was predominantly Muslim , while 88 percent of the state population was Hindu .

Hyderabad is actually a twin city - with Secunderabad to the north as a sister city. The two cities are separated by a lake called Hussain Sagar, which was created in 1562 during the reign of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah (1550–1580). Sikandarabad was founded by the British Army, which, like the Hyderabad Contingent , was stationed there during the colonial period.

At the end of British rule in 1947, the last ruler ( Nizam ) of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali (1886–1967), wanted to preserve his independence or to join his country to Pakistan . His army and the Razakars , a poorly armed force, the "military wing" of the Muslim Itihad party, which also terrorized the rural population, were easily disarmed by the modernly equipped Indian armed forces . Numerous civilians died in the brief fighting and clashes between 1947 and 1948.

After the state of Hyderabad was annexed to India in 1948, a large part of the Muslim upper class emigrated to Karachi in Pakistan . Nevertheless, the Muslim share of the population is the highest in any Indian metropolis. The Muslims usually speak Urdu - not Telugu , the national language of Andhra Pradesh. Conflicts between Muslims and Hindus are common. In 2007 there was a terrorist attack on the Mecca mosque in May, which resulted in the death of 11 Muslims during Friday prayers. Hindutva terrorists are believed to be responsible for this attack .

By the States Reorganization Act 1956 Hyderabad came to the state of Andhra Pradesh , which was formed from the Telugu-speaking areas of the state of Hyderabad and the state of Andhra . Hyderabad was designated the capital of the new state. In 2014, the part that was formerly part of the Hyderabad state was detached from Andhra Pradesh as a separate state of Telangana . For a transitional phase of ten years, Hyderabad will act as the joint capital of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.

population

Population structure and development

Street scene at the Charminar in Hyderabad's old town

According to the 2011 census, Hyderabad has 6,809,970 inhabitants. This makes it the fourth largest city in India after Mumbai , Delhi and Bangalore . The population density is 10,896 inhabitants per square kilometer (for comparison: Mumbai approx. 20,700 people / km², Berlin approx. 3,900 people / km² ). 7,749,334 people live in the Hyderabad agglomeration , which extends beyond the administrative city limits. This makes Hyderabad the sixth largest metropolitan area in India after Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta , Chennai and Bangalore.

Due to rural exodus and urbanization , Hyderabad is experiencing rapid population growth. Between 2001 and 2011, the population of Hyderabad doubled from 3.4 to 6.8 million. However, this is mainly due to the city expansion in 2007, during which the area of ​​the urban area increased from 175 square kilometers to 625 square kilometers. But the entire Hyderabad agglomeration also experienced a considerable population growth from 5.7 million to 7.7 million (plus 34 percent) in the same period. By 2050, the population is expected to rise to over 14.6 million in the agglomeration.

year population
1971 1,796,000
1981 2,546,000
1991 3,059,262
2001 3,637,483
2011 6,809,970

Religions

The Mecca Mosque in Hyderabad

The majority of the residents of Hyderabad are Hindus, there is also a significant Muslim minority. According to the 2011 census, 65 percent of Hyderabad's population are Hindu and 30 percent Muslim. Muslims dominate especially in the old town of Hyderabad. Just under 3 percent of the population are Christians . The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hyderabad . Other religions ( Jainism , Sikhism , Buddhism ) account for 0.5 percent . Around 1.5 percent of the residents of Hyderabad stated no religious affiliation. In 2001, before the city expansion, 55 percent were Hindus, 42 percent Muslim, 2.4 percent Christian and 1 percent other in the previous smaller urban area.

languages

The most widely spoken languages ​​in Hyderabad are Telugu and Urdu . Telugu is the main language of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, while Urdu is spoken by the Muslims. According to the 2001 census, 46 percent of the residents of Hyderabad in its former borders spoke Telugu and 42 percent Urdu as their mother tongue. The latter corresponds exactly to the proportion of Muslims counted at the time. A number of other languages ​​are spoken among the immigrant population from other parts of India, including Hindi , which is the mother tongue of 6 percent of Hyderabad's residents. Other languages ​​also account for six percent, including (in descending order of distribution) Marathi , Tamil , Kannada , Gujarati , Malayalam and Punjabi .

Economy and Transport

Kachiguda Railway Station

Hyderabad is an industrial city. With the establishment of Genome Valley , Hyderabad has established itself as the center of biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry in India. Other industries are e.g. B. the electrical and software industry as well as mechanical engineering. The north-western district of Hyderabad, in which the high-tech industry is located, is known as “Cyberabad”.

In a ranking of cities according to their quality of life, Hyderabad was ranked 142nd out of 231 cities worldwide in 2018. The quality of life was thus higher than in other Indian cities such as Mumbai (place: 154) or Delhi (place: 162) and, together with Pune, the best of all the cities examined in India.

The communal infrastructure such as the railway, university , roads and hospitals had the former ruler of Hyderabad, the Nizam , built; it was later expanded by the Indian government. The city has modern shopping malls and wide streets. There you can buy real pearls, silk and leather goods.

The old - now closed - Begumpet Airport in Hyderabad is located in Sikandarabad. The new international airport Rajiv Gandhi International Airport is located about 22 km south of Hyderabad near Shamshabad. It was opened on March 14, 2008 by Sonia Gandhi , widow of former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and leader of the Congress Party .

Hyderabad has several large long-distance train stations. Hyderabad railway station is a terminus about 2 km north of the old town. The Sikandarabad train station is about 10 km north in the twin city of Secunderabad and, because it is closer to the headquarters of the computer industry, it is more frequented. The train station of Nampally (Hyderabad Deccan railway station) is located in the district of the same name, the smaller regional train station of Kachiguda is in the old town. Begumpet railway station is another train station in the center.

Since November 2017 Hyderabad has a subway , the Hyderabad Metro .

Osmania University

education

Hyderabad is home to four major universities, Osmania University , the University of Hyderabad , Maulana Azad National Urdu University and JNTU (Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University). There is also an International Institute of Information Technology and the English and Foreign Languages ​​University, EFLU for short.

Attractions

  • The Charminar is a monumental-looking 56 meter high triumphal arch with a mosque on the upper floor, which is surrounded by four minarets . It is at a crossroads in the center of the old town. The Charminar was built by the city's founder, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in 1591 to commemorate the end of the plague .
  • The Mecca mosque , initiated by the same ruler but only completed under one of his successors in 1694, is in the immediate vicinity .
  • The Chowmahalla Palace was the representative residence of the Nizams of Hyderabad. It was started around 1750 and completed in the Indo-European style in the mid-19th century.
  • The AP State Archeology Museum houses exhibits of Buddhist , Jain and Hindu art from Andhra Pradesh.
  • The Salar Jung Museum shows European and Indian exhibits that were collected by Prince Salar Jung before India's independence.
  • The Sudha Automobile Museum shows over 150 handcrafted vehicles.
Surroundings
  • The Golkonda -Fort, located 122 meters above the plain of Hyderabad and eleven kilometers west of Hyderabad, was from 1518 to 1590, was moved when the court to Hyderabad, the capital of the seven Qutub Shahi kings .
  • Nearby is the representative Taramati Baradari, used for receptions and other festivities .

→ See also: Palaces of Hyderabad

  • Chowmahalla Palace

  • Chowmahalla Palace, garden side

  • Qutb Shahi mausoleum

  • Golkonda Fort

  • Taramati-Baradari

  • modern high-rise residential buildings

gastronomy

In addition to the hotel restaurants, numerous eateries in all parts of the city offer Hyderabad cuisine, such as authentic “ biryanis ” (a rice dish) or the famous Andhra specialties , which are spicy with chili . The kitchen of Hyderabad is characterized by a unique mixture of generously sized North Indian meat dishes (Mogul specialties) and traditional South Indian vegetarian dishes. Mutton Biryani and Halim are Hyderabad's most famous dishes.

climate

Summer temperatures fluctuate between 18 and 43 degrees Celsius. The rainy season is between June and October, with Hyderabad usually experiencing a less strong monsoon than many places further south or near the coast. In winter the temperatures fluctuate between 9 and 26 degrees.

Hyderabad
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
13
 
29
15th
 
 
7.7
 
32
18th
 
 
16
 
36
21st
 
 
20th
 
38
24
 
 
36
 
39
26th
 
 
107
 
35
24
 
 
165
 
31
23
 
 
180
 
30th
22nd
 
 
155
 
31
22nd
 
 
98
 
31
20th
 
 
22nd
 
29
17th
 
 
5.7
 
28
15th
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Hyderabad
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 28.8 32.0 35.5 37.9 39.0 34.5 30.8 29.8 30.5 30.6 29.1 28.1 O 32.2
Min. Temperature (° C) 15.2 17.6 20.9 24.3 26.2 24.0 22.6 22.1 22.0 20.3 16.9 14.5 O 20.6
Precipitation ( mm ) 12.8 7.7 16.1 19.8 35.6 107.3 165.4 180.2 154.8 98.0 21.6 5.7 Σ 825
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 9.0 9.5 8.5 9.1 9.1 6.0 4.6 4.4 5.6 7.3 8.2 8.5 O 7.5
Rainy days ( d ) 0.7 0.8 1.6 3.5 4.4 12 15.3 15.5 13 6.6 3.2 1.1 Σ 77.7
Humidity ( % ) 56 49 39 37 39 61 71 74 72 63 58 57 O 56.4
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
28.8
15.2
32.0
17.6
35.5
20.9
37.9
24.3
39.0
26.2
34.5
24.0
30.8
22.6
29.8
22.1
30.5
22.0
30.6
20.3
29.1
16.9
28.1
14.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		12.8
7.7
16.1
19.8
35.6
107.3
165.4
180.2
154.8
98.0
21.6
5.7
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: WMO ; wetterkontor.de

Others

The main languages ​​are Telugu for the Hindu and Urdu for the Muslim population. As everywhere in major Indian cities, English is also used as a lingua franca. German is taught as a foreign language at the University of Osmania and the University of Hyderabad.

An international children's film festival has been held in the city every two years since 1995 .

From October 14 to 21, 2007, Hyderabad was the venue for the World Military Games in 13 different disciplines, which take place every four years.

Until 2005, the WTA Hyderabad women's tennis tournament was held in Hyderabad .

In August 2008, the AFC Challenge Cup 2008 took place in the Gachibowli stadium .

In October 2008, the old airport briefly returned to the spotlight for the first major air show in India.

Movie

  • Always eating! India's mobile chefs. Documentary, Germany, 2010, 43 min., Script and director: Antje Christ, production: Christ Media, ZDF , arte , first broadcast: August 25, 2010 on arte, summary by arte.
  • The invisible enemy - deadly super-pathogens from pharmaceutical factories , documentation, Germany, 2017, 45 min., By Karin Bauer and Christian Baars, Die Story im Erste

sons and daughters of the town

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Hyderabad  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF; 154 kB)
  2. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Urban Agglomerations / Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF; 141 kB)
  3. ↑ Praveen Swami: Dead man's tale holds key to Hindutva terror secrets. In: The Hindu , November 20, 2008.
  4. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF; 154 kB)
  5. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Urban Agglomerations / Cities having population 1 lakh and above. (PDF; 141 kB)
  6. ↑ World 101 largest Cities. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .
  7. ^ Census of India 2011: C-1 Population By Religious Community. Andhra Pradesh.
  8. ^ Hyderabad, India - Demographics - Ethnic Groups, Language and Religion - Religion in Hyderabad district - 2001 . Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  9. ↑ Census of India 2001: C-16 City: Population by Mother Tongue (Andhra Pradesh) . Retrieved from Tabulations Plan of Census Year - 2001 .
  10. ↑ The Invisible Enemy - Deadly Super Exciters from Pharmaceutical Factories , Die Story im Erste, May 8, 2017
  11. ^ Peter Gotsch, Susanne Kohte: Cyberabad - Landscape of Surprise. In: shakti-project.org, December 18, 2007, (PDF, 360 kB, 8 pages)
  12. ↑ Mercer's 2018 Quality of Living Rankings. Retrieved August 18, 2018 .
  13. ^ Sonia inaugurates Shamshabad airport. In: The Financial Express , March 28, 2008.
  14. ↑ The Economic Times, November 28, 2017: "PM inaugurates first phase of Hyderabad Metro".