Capitol complex in Chandigarh
| Capitol complex in Chandigarh | |
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UNESCO world heritage 
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| Parliament building |
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| National territory: |
 India
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | (i) (ii) (vi) |
| Surface: | 98.48 ha |
| Reference No .: | 1321 |
| UNESCO region : | Asia and Pacific |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 2016 ( session 40 ) |
The Capitol complex in Chandigarh , the common capital of today's Indian states Punjab and Haryana , was designed and realized by the French-Swiss architect Le Corbusier in the 1950s. In 2016, the government complex was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List , along with another 16 of its buildings scattered around the world . Other buildings by Le Corbusiers and his colleagues, which were being built in Chandigarh at the same time, have not yet been included in the UNESCO list.
Historical background
After the independence and partition of India in 1947, Lahore , the old capital of the Punjab, was in Pakistan ; only the smaller part of the fertile region remained Indian. Since the Indian state no longer had a capital, a village called Chandigarh was chosen as the location for the new establishment. International teams of architects played a decisive role in the planning and construction. In 1966, the southern part of Indian Punjab, inhabited by the majority of Hindus, was split off as the new state of Haryana , and the northern part of the state of Himachal Pradesh emerged . Chandigarh remained the joint capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana.
However, the status of Chandigarh remained in part controversial in the following decades. Nationalist Sikh politicians of the Akali Dal wanted to incorporate the city into the state of Punjab. In the Punjab Agreement of July 24, 1985 between Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and the Sikh leader and President of the Shiromani Akali Dal Harchand Singh Longowal , the affiliation of Chandigarh to the Punjab was agreed. However, this did not come about because the agreement was not implemented.
Architecture and sculpture
A characteristic of many of Le Corbusier's buildings is his organic-sculptural style, which is particularly evident in the parliament building; in the case of the Palace of Justice, on the other hand, geometric-functional aspects are in the foreground.
Both aspects are combined in the sculpture of the “open hand”, which is connected to an architecturally designed base; it refers to the ancient Buddhist gesture of greeting, protection and fearlessness ( abhayamudra ). At the same time, it can also be understood as a dove of peace .
literature
- Carlo Cresti: Le Corbusier. Kunstkreis Luzern 1969, p. 38ff.
Web links
- Chandigarh Government Complex - Photos + Info (French)
- Welter Cultivated by Le Corbusier - Photos and information (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Rajiv-Longowal Memorandum of Settlement (Accord), July 24, 1985. The Sikh Times, accessed March 15, 2017 .
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Cultural heritage: Ajanta Rock Temple (1983) | Ellora Cave Temple (1983) | Red Fort in Agra (1983) | Taj Mahal (1983) | Konarak Sun Temple (1984) | Mahabalipuram Temple District (1984) | Churches and Monasteries of Goa (1986) | Khajuraho Temple District (1986) | Temple District of Hampi (1986) | Mughal city of Fatehpur Sikri (1986) | Pattadakal Temple Complex (1987) | Elephanta Caves (1987) | Great Temples of the Chola Dynasty (1987) | Buddhist shrine near Sanchi (1989) | Humayun's Mausoleum (1993) | Qutb Complex (1993) | Mountain Railways in India (1999) | Mahabodhi Temple of Bodhgaya (2002) | Bhimbetka Caves (2003) | Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (2004) | Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004) | Red Fort in Delhi (2007) | The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur (2010) | Mountain Fortresses of Rajasthan (2013) | Rani Ki Vav (2014) | The architectural work of Le Corbusier : Capitol Complex in Chandigarh (2016) | Nalanda Mahavihara Archaeological Site (2016) | Old City of Ahmedabad (2017) | Victorian Gothic and Art Deco ensembles in Mumbai (2018) | Old City of Jaipur (2019)
Natural heritage: Kaziranga National Park (1985) | Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985) | Keoladeo National Park (1985) | Sundarbans National Park (1987) | Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers National Park (1988) | Western Ghats (2012) | Great Himalaya National Park (2014)
Cultural / natural heritage: Kangchenjunga National Park (2016)
Coordinates: 30 ° 45 ′ 35 ″ N , 76 ° 48 ′ 10 ″ E