Mountain railways in India
| Mountain railways in India | |
|---|---|
UNESCO world heritage 
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| Darjeeling Railway |
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| National territory: |
 India
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| Type: | Culture |
| Criteria : | (ii) (iv) |
| Surface: | 88.99 ha |
| Buffer zone: | 644.88 ha |
| Reference No .: | 944ter |
| UNESCO region : | Asia and Pacific |
| History of enrollment | |
| Enrollment: | 1999 (session 23) |
| Extension: | 2005, 2008 |
Mountain Railways in India is a UNESCO listed serial, multi-component World Heritage Site in India . The world heritage site includes three mountain railways in different parts of India.
description
 
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Location of the mountain railways |
In the recorded in the World Heritage mountain railways is the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway in Darjeeling , the Kalka-Shimla Railway in the state of Himachal Pradesh (both in the foothills of the Himalayas ) and the Nilgiri Mountain Railway in the Nilgiri mountains in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu . All three railways are narrow-gauge lines that were laid out towards the end of the 19th century during the British colonial period in order to open up the mountain towns that were previously difficult to reach.
registration
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1999 as an outstanding example of the engineering skills of the late 19th century. In 2005 the World Heritage Site was expanded to include the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, followed by the Kalka-Shimla Railway in 2008.
scope
The world heritage site comprises three separate areas. These have a total protection area of 88.99 ha and are each surrounded by buffer zones, which have a total area of 644.88 ha.
| ID | Railway line | Valley station | Mountain station | Mountains | State | construction time | Protection area | Buffer zone | image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 944ter-001 | Darjeeling Himalayan Railway | Shiliguri | Darjeeling | Himalayas | West Bengal | 1879-1881 | 5.34 ha | 70 ha |
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| 944ter-002 | Kalka-Shimla Railway | Kalka | Shimla | Himalayas | Himachal Pradesh | 1898-1903 | 4.59 ha | 500 ha |
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| 944ter-003 | Nilgiri Mountain Railway | Mettupalayam | Udagamandalam | Nilgiri Mountains | Tamil Nadu | 1891-1908 | 79.06 hectares | 74.88 ha |
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Planned expansion
Two more mountain railways have been on India's tentative list as a proposal to expand the World Heritage Site since 2014 :
| Railway line | Valley station | Mountain station | Mountains | State | construction time | image |
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| Kangra Valley Railway | Pathankot | Joginder Nagar | Himalayas |
Punjab / Himachal Pradesh |
1926-1928 |
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| Matheran Hill Railway | Neral | Matheran | Western Ghats | Maharashtra | 1904-1907 |
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Individual evidence
- ^ German name after German UNESCO Commission: The UNESCO World Heritage List ; English: Mountain Railways of India , French: Chemins de fer de montagne en Inde .
- ^ A b Mountain Railways of India. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed April 4, 2018 .
- ^ Mountain Railways of India. Maps. In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed April 4, 2018 .
- ^ Mountain Railways of India (Extension). In: whc.unesco.org. UNESCO World Heritage Center, accessed April 4, 2018 .
Web links
- Mountain Railways in India on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website ( English and French ).
- Mountain Railways in India (extension) on the website of the UNESCO World Heritage Center for tentative lists.
Cultural heritage: Ajanta Rock Temple (1983) | Ellora Cave Temple (1983) | Red Fort in Agra (1983) | Taj Mahal (1983) | Konarak Sun Temple (1984) | Mahabalipuram Temple District (1984) | Churches and Monasteries of Goa (1986) | Khajuraho Temple District (1986) | Temple District of Hampi (1986) | Mughal city of Fatehpur Sikri (1986) | Pattadakal Temple Complex (1987) | Elephanta Caves (1987) | Great Temples of the Chola Dynasty (1987) | Buddhist shrine near Sanchi (1989) | Humayun's Mausoleum (1993) | Qutb Complex (1993) | Mountain Railways in India (1999) | Mahabodhi Temple of Bodhgaya (2002) | Bhimbetka Caves (2003) | Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (2004) | Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park (2004) | Red Fort in Delhi (2007) | The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur (2010) | Mountain Fortresses of Rajasthan (2013) | Rani Ki Vav (2014) | The architectural work of Le Corbusier : Capitol Complex in Chandigarh (2016) | Nalanda Mahavihara Archaeological Site (2016) | Old City of Ahmedabad (2017) | Victorian Gothic and Art Deco ensembles in Mumbai (2018) | Old City of Jaipur (2019)
Natural heritage: Kaziranga National Park (1985) | Manas Wildlife Sanctuary (1985) | Keoladeo National Park (1985) | Sundarbans National Park (1987) | Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers National Park (1988) | Western Ghats (2012) | Great Himalaya National Park (2014)
Cultural / natural heritage: Kangchenjunga National Park (2016)