1395

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1395
Mircea cel Bătrân defeated the Ottomans under Bayezid I in the Battle of Rovine .	Under Gian Galeazzo Visconti , Milan was elevated to a duchy by King Wenceslaus .
1395 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	843/844 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1387/88
Aztec calendar	6. Rabbit - Chicuace Tochtli (until the end of January / beginning of February 5th house - Macuilli Calli )
Buddhist calendar	1938/39 (southern Buddhism); 1937/38 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	68th (69th) cycle Year of the wood pig乙亥 ( at the beginning of the year wood dog 甲戌)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	757/758 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	773/774
Islamic calendar	797/798 (turn of the year October 15/16)
Jewish calendar	5155/56 (September 15/16)
Coptic calendar	1111/12
Malayalam calendar	570/571
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1705/06 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1706/07 (New Year October)
Spanish era	1433
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1451/52

Events

Politics and world events

Habsburg hereditary lands / Hungary

Mary of Hungary

• May 17th : Maria von Anjou , Queen of Hungary in her own right, dies heavily pregnant in a riding accident. Her husband Sigismund von Luxemburg becomes the sole ruler of Hungary.
• August 29 : Duke Albrecht III. von Austria dies in the middle of the preparations for a joint campaign with Jobst von Moravia and the Hungarian King Sigismund against the German King Wenzel . He leaves a will in which he does not go into exactly how the Duchy of Austria will continue to govern. But he asks his son Albrecht and his nephew Wilhelm that the hereditary lands should stay together. This imprecise formulation leaves room for interpretation, which Wilhelm exploits, since he, as the oldest of the remaining Habsburgs, sees his privilege legitimized. Wilhelm finds support from the citizens of Vienna for his plan for sole governance over the united states. However, the nobility in the duchy sided with Albrecht IV.
• September 22 : The Treaty of Hollenburg temporarily settles an inheritance dispute in the House of Habsburg , which after the death of Albrecht III. and Leopold III. (1386) arose and threatened to escalate. The agreement states that Albrecht and Wilhelm share government power. At the same time, Wilhelm received de facto reign over Inner Austria , his brother Leopold IV received Upper Austria (Tyrol and Vorarlberg) , while Albrecht administered the Duchy of Austria. The income should be shared fairly.

Other events in the Holy Roman Empire

Ochsenwerder around 1400

• April 23rd : Hamburg acquires Ochsenwerder and Moorwerder together with the other marshlands from the Count of Holstein in order to control the entrance to the North Elbe and to secure their interests in the Elbe shipping.

• Under Gian Galeazzo Visconti , who had ruled since 1385 , Milan was elevated to a duchy by means of an imperial diploma from King Wenceslaus .

Eastern Europe

• April 14th : Timur defeats the Golden Horde under Toktamish on Terek with great losses of his own and subsequently destroys numerous cities of the Horde, including Sarai , Astrakhan , Bolgar and the Crimea . Toktamisch flees to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and there forms an alliance with Grand Duke Witold .
• May 17th : The Wallachian voivode Mircea cel Bătrân defeats the Ottomans under Bayezid I in the Battle of Rovine . The location of the battle is as controversial as its outcome.
• September: Stjepan Dabiša , King of Bosnia , dies. In his will he appoints King Sigismund of Hungary, the husband of his cousin Maria, to be his successor. Maria died on May 17th . The Bosnian nobility rejects Sigismund as king, who bases his claims to rule only on his status as the husband of Mary. Instead, the nobility installed Stjepan's widow Jelena Gruba as her husband's successor.

Asia

• During the Joseon Dynasty in Korea , Gangwon-do and Hwanghae-do provinces are created.

• 1387/95 : Ramracha becomes king of the Siamese empire of Ayutthaya as successor of his father Ramesuan .

First documentary mentions

• Hombruch , Schlechtbach and Trienz are first mentioned in a document .

Culture

• September: The Jongmyo Shrine is completed.

religion

Colored woodcut with the fall of Lidvina, from the Vita of Johannes Brugman , edition from 1498

• 15-year-old Lidwina von Schiedam breaks a rib while ice skating. Gangrene occurs as a complication . As a result, Lidwina has to stay in bed for most of her life.
• The pilgrim chapel of St. Bartholomew in Bochum is mentioned for the first time.

Born

Date of birth saved

• January 11 : Michelle de Valois , Duchess of Burgundy († 1422 )
• March 23 : Johann Jakob , Margrave of Montferrat († 1445 )
• March 29 : John Holland , English nobleman († 1447 )
• April 4 : Georgios Trapezuntios , Venetian-Greek scholar († 1472 or 1484 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• June: Gianfrancesco I. Gonzaga , Margrave of Mantua († 1444 )

• Katharina von Braunschweig-Lüneburg , Electress of Saxony († 1442 )
• Jacques Cœur , French merchant and financier of King Charles VII of France († 1456 )
• Dietrich Ebbracht , German canon and scholastic, protonotary and church politician under Emperor Sigismund († 1462 )
• Johannes de Fontana , Venetian doctor and engineer († 1455 )
• Antonio Pisanello , Italian painter and medalist († 1455 )
• Nikolaus von Prüm , German lawyer († 1439 )
• Richard d'Étampes , Breton nobleman († 1438 )
• Vlad II. Dracul , Prince of Wallachia († 1447 )

Born around 1395

• Heinrich Bock , titular bishop of Myra and auxiliary bishop in the Principality of Speyer († 1443 )
• Niccolo di Conti , Venetian merchant and explorer († 1469 )
• Matthias Döring , German Franciscan, historian and theologian († 1469 )
• Juan de Segovia , Castilian theologian († 1458 )
• Lorenzo di Giovanni de 'Medici , Florentine banker († 1440 )
• Jacques Morel , French sculptor († 1459 )
• Bartolomeu Perestrelo , Portuguese nobleman and explorer († before 1458)
• Caspar von Schönberg , Bishop of Meissen († 1463 )
• James Stewart of Lorne , Scottish nobleman († around 1448 )
• Tristão Vaz Teixeira , Portuguese navigator and explorer († 1480 )
• Sigmund Wann , Wunsiedler citizen and founder († 1469 )

Died

Date of death secured

• March 13 : John Barbour , Scottish national poet
• March 26th : Guillaume III. Roger de Beaufort , Vice Count of Turenne (* 1332 )

• April 8th : Heinrich IV. , Count of Ortenburg
• 14 April : . Albert II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , Archbishop of Bremen (* around 1359 / 1360 )
• April 26 : Catherine of Luxembourg , Duchess of Austria and Margravine of Brandenburg (* 1342 )

• May 16 : Beatrix von Berg , Countess Palatinate of the Palatinate (* 1360 )
• May 17th : Konstantin Dragaš , Serbian regional prince
• May 17th : Marko Kraljević , Serbian King (* around 1335 )
• May 17th : Maria of Anjou , Queen of Hungary (* 1371 )

• June 3 : Iwan Schischman , Tsar of Bulgaria (* around 1350 )
• July 17th : Imer von Ramstein , Bishop of Basel

• August 29 : Albrecht III. , Duke of Austria (* 1349 )
• December 12th : Yolande of Flanders , regent of the County of Bar (* 1326 )

Exact date of death unknown

• February 2nd or 11th : Poncello Orsini , Cardinal of the Roman Church
• September: Stjepan Dabiša , King of Bosnia

• Riccardo Caracciolo , Counter-Grand Master of the Order of St. John in Rhodes
• Ramesuan , King of the Siamese Kingdom of Ayutthaya (* 1339 )
• Guillaume Tirel , head chef of King Charles V of France (* 1312 )
• Tristan , French knight and papal captain (* around 1335)
• Wartislaw VII. , Duke of Pomerania-Stolp

Died around 1395

• Haniji , founder and first king of the Kingdom of Hokuzan in Okinawa

Web links

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