1391

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1391
The University of Ferrara is founded.
1391 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	839/840 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1383/84
Aztec calendar	2nd rabbit - Ome Tochtli (until the end of January / beginning of February 1st house - Ce Calli )
Buddhist calendar	1934/35 (southern Buddhism); 1933/34 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	68th (69th) cycle Year of the metal sheep辛未 ( at the beginning of the year metal horse 庚午)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	753/754 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	769/770
Islamic calendar	793/794 (turn of the year 28/29 November)
Jewish calendar	5151/52 (August 30/31)
Coptic calendar	1107/08
Malayalam calendar	566/567
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1701/02 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1702/03 (New Year October)
Spanish era	1429
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1447/48

Events

Politics and world events

Western Europe

• January 16 : Muhammad V , Emir of Granada from the Nasrid dynasty , dies. He is succeeded by his son Yusuf II. In order to prevent his throne from being contested, he has his three brothers arrested and murdered when he ascends the throne. His short reign is marked by the dependence on the Merinids .
• Under the influence of the anti-Semitic hate sermons of the archdeacon Ferran Martinez, pogroms against Sephardim and so-called “ Marranen ” ( Jews who converted to Christianity ) began in Seville on June 6, and they soon spread to the entire Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Countless Jewish quarters are looted and destroyed, thousands of Jews killed and tens of thousands forced to Christian baptism . It is probably the largest anti-Jewish excess of the entire Middle Ages . It is a blow from which Spanish Judaism will never fully recover.
• November 1st : Amadeus VIII succeeds his late father Amadeus VII as Count of Savoy .

Holy Roman Empire

• April 6th : Antoniotto Adorno becomes Doge of Genoa for the third time . For the Ghibelline Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan he brokered a very favorable peace with his hostile powers Florence , Bologna and Venice , whereby he won the duke's favor. However, influential Genoese families are hostile to him.

• With the death of the unmarried and childless Rudolf VII , the entire margraviate of Baden falls back to his brother Bernhard I.

Eastern Europe and Asia Minor

• February 16 : . Manuel II , after the death of his father V. John emperor of the Byzantine Empire . At this point in time, as regent of Thessaloniki , he was committed to military success in the Ottoman Empire and had to flee the Ottoman camp.
• March 10th : The Bosnian King Tvrtko I dies. Since his son Tvrtko II is still a minor, his nephew Stjepan Dabiša succeeds him on the throne.

Grand Master's coat of arms of Konrad von Wallenrode

• March 12th : Because of great internal resistance, Konrad von Wallenrode was elected Grand Master of the Teutonic Order more than six months after the death of his predecessor Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein .

Asia

• June 18 to 21 : In his second campaign against Toktamish , the rival for power leading the Golden Horde , the Mongol ruler Timur defeated the forces of the descendants of Genghis Khan with his units near the Kondurcha River .

Mesoamerica

• Huitzilíhuitl becomes ruler of Tenochtitlán after the death of Acamapichtli . Under his rule, the military position of the Aztecs was strengthened.

economy

• Saxon coinage # Grosch time : Under Landgraf Balthasar of Thuringia is mint Sangerhausen opened.

science and technology

• March 4th : The University of Ferrara is founded by Pope Boniface IX. granted privilege opened.

Culture

Page from the Book of Ballymote

• 1390 /1391: The Irish Book of Ballymote , a medieval compilation of historical, hagiographical and other literary texts is written.

• August 12th : The statutes of the painters and sculptors guild Communauté des maîtres peintres et sculpteurs de Paris are confirmed.

society

• April 30th : The moated castle Haus Langendonk in Geldern is first mentioned in a document.

Memorial stone for Ludeke Mozellenburch

• June 22nd : The citizen of Wismar Ludeke Mozellenburch is murdered near Grevesmühlen . An atonement stone reminds of the act at the scene.
• September 29 : The Knight Alliance of Bengler is founded.

religion

• Imer von Ramstein resigns as Prince-Bishop of Basel and retires to his office as cathedral canon. Pope Boniface IX on October 13th confirms Imer's resignation and appoints Friedrich von Blankenheim as the new prince-bishop.

• In 1391 the large-scale persecution of heretics in the German-speaking area began under Petrus Zwicker .

Born

Date of birth saved

• October 31 : Edward I , King of Portugal († 1438 )
• November 6th : Edmund Mortimer , English nobleman († 1425 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Gendün Drub , Buddhist monk from Tibet, founder and abbot of Trashilhünpo Monastery, posthumously proclaimed the first Dalai Lama († 1475 )
• Georg Gmünder , Mayor of St. Gallen (Switzerland) († 1478 )
• Louis of Luxembourg , Bishop of Thérouanne and Ely, Archbishop of Rouen and Chancellor of France († 1443 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 16 : Muhammad V , Emir of Granada (* 1338 )
• February 16 : Johannes V. Palaiologos , Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (* 1332 )

• March 8th : Lazarus von Murom , Greek-Orthox missionary in Karelia / Northern Russia, saint of the Russian Orthodox Church (* 1286 )
• March 10 : Tvrtko I , King of Bosnia (* 1338 )
• March 17th : Ulyana of Tver , Grand Duchess of Lithuania (* around 1325 )

• April 6 : Heinrich von Eschenz , abbot in the monastery of St. Blasien
• May 14th : Ludwig de Foro , titular bishop of Phocaea and auxiliary bishop in the dioceses of Verden, Minden, Münster and Schwerin

Second half of the year

• July 15 : Louis III. de Châtillon , Count of Dunois and Lord of the Romorantin
• July 15 : Gérard de Montaigu the Elder , advisor and secretary to King Charles V of France
• July 22nd : Nicholas Audley , English nobleman (* around 1328 )
• July 25th : Jean III. , Count of Armagnac and Rodez (* around 1359 )

• August 1st : Gaston III. , Count of Foix, Vice Count of Béarn, Marsan and Lautrec and Co-Lord of Andorra (* 1331 )
• August 7th : Ocko I. tom Brok , chief of the Brokmer and Auricherlands in East Frisia (* around 1345 )

• September 1st : Everhard von Vechtorp , provost of the cathedral in the diocese of Münster
• September 3 : Heinrich van der Linden , aldermen and mayor of the imperial city of Aachen
• September 8 : Erik von Winsen , Bishop of Przemyśl
• September 20th : Nikolaus Plate von Jüterbog , titular bishop of Constantia in Phenicia and Cistercian monk
• September 27 : Gottfried Travelmann , Mayor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
• October 2nd : Faydit d'Aigrefeuille , Roman Catholic Bishop

• November 1 : Amadeus VII the Red Count , Count of Savoy (* 1360 )
• November 14th : Peter of Narbonne , saint of the Roman Catholic Church
• November 14th : Deodatus of Ruticinium , saint of the Roman Catholic Church
• November 14th : Stephen of Cúneo , saint of the Roman Catholic Church
• November 14 : Nikola Tavelić , Croatian Franciscan, saint of the Catholic Church (* around 1340 )
• December 21 : Engelbert III. von der Mark , Count of Mark-Altena (* around 1333 )

Exact date of death unknown

• April: Robert de Namur , Dutch knight and nobleman, lord of Beaufort-sur-Meuse, Renaix, Ballâtre and Chièvre (* 1323 )
• between May 28 and October 16: Eberhard I. von Eppstein , German nobleman (* around 1337 )
• June: Bernardon de la Salle , French mercenary leader in, among other things, English and papal services (* 1339 )
• September: Jean Roger de Beaufort , Archbishop of Auch and Archbishop of Narbonne

• Acamapichtli , ruler of Tenochtitlán
• Barawa Gyeltshen Pelsang , scholar of the Upper Drugpa tradition of the Dagpo Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism, founder of the Barawa Kagyu tradition (* 1310 )
• Vicko von Geldersen , businessman, councilor and treasurer in Hamburg
• Hans von Wedel-Schivelbein , Vogt of Neumark
• Nikolaus Hemeling , councilor and mayor of Bremen (* before 1338)
• Israel Ibn al-Naqawa , Jewish scholar in Toledo
• Matthaios Asanes Kantakuzenos , Emperor of the Byzantine Empire and Despot of Morea (* around 1325 )
• Giusto de 'Menabuoi , Florentine painter (* around 1320 )
• Rudolf VII , Margrave of Baden

Died around 1391

• Irene Palaiologina , Empress of the Byzantine Empire and Despot of Morea

Web links

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