1389

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1389
The battle on the blackbird field against the Ottoman Empire becomes the Serbian national myth.
1389 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	837/838 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1381/82
Aztec calendar	13. Feuerstein - Matlactli omey Tecpatl (until the end of January / beginning of February 12th pipes - Matlactli omome Acatl )
Buddhist calendar	1932/33 (southern Buddhism); 1931/32 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	68th (69th) cycle Year of the Earth-Snake己巳 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Dragon 戊辰)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	751/752 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	767/768
Islamic calendar	791/792 (turn of the year 19/20 December)
Jewish calendar	5149/50 (September 20/21)
Coptic calendar	1105/06
Malayalam calendar	564/565
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1699/1700 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1700/01 (New Year October)
Spanish era	1427
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1445/46

Events

Politics and world events

Scandinavia

• February 24 : Troops of the Danish - Norwegian Queen Margrete I defeat the forces of the Swedish King Albrecht von Mecklenburg in the Battle of Åsle . The king falls into the hands of the enemy and is only released six years later after he has renounced the throne.

Holy Roman Empire

• February 16 : Ulrich V. von Hanau and the Knights von Kronberg declare the feud to the Free and Imperial City of Frankfurt am Main .
• April 1 : The Old Confederation closes with the Habsburgs under Albrecht III. a temporary peace treaty. Your successes in the battles of Sempach , in the Duke Leopold III. has fallen, and Näfels bring about a further truce.
• May 5th : King Wenceslas of Luxembourg enacts the country peace of Eger at the Diet in Eger . This ends the city ​​war that broke out in 1387 between the Swabian League of Cities and the Bavarian dukes .

Defeat of the Frankfurters in the battle of Kronberg

• May 14 : In the course of the Kronberg feud , the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt suffers the heaviest military defeat in its history in the Battle of Eschborn . As a result, Frankfurt has to pay ransom demands and reparations payments, which amount to about twice the average annual income of the city. The debts taken on to cover the liabilities will not be fully repaid over 100 years later.
• November 20 : The great Dortmund feud ends. Dortmund agrees to make a "voluntary payment" to Kurköln and the Grafschaft Mark , in return the siege of the city is lifted two days later.

• A pogrom breaks out in the Prague Jewish ghetto in which 3,000 people are murdered . A little later, Duke Johann had all Jews expelled from Görlitz .
• The Lüneburg War of Succession ends with a hereditary brotherhood agreement.

Ottoman Empire / Balkans

• June 15 : The battle on the Blackbird Field between a Serbian coalition army led by Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović and Vuk Branković , which is reinforced by an army of the Bosnian King Tvrtko I , who is allied with Lazar , and the Ottoman army under Sultan Murad I ends without a clear winner, with the leaders of both forces falling. As a result, however, the resistance of the Serbian princes to the Ottoman expansion is decisively weakened. In Serbian epic poetry , legends soon emerged with the main themes of the martyrdom of Lazar , the betrayal of Vuk Branković and the heroic deed of Miloš Obilić about the national myth of Serbia. Serbia is today a year on June 15, according to the Julian calendar, the day of remembrance Vidovdan committed. In addition to art, the topic can also be found in architecture, e.g. B. at the Palazzo Gopcevich in Trieste.

Bayezid is elevated to sultan - miniature from the 15th century

• After the battle, Murad's son Bayezid murdered his brother Yakub and ascended the throne of the Ottoman Empire as Bayezid I. The fratricide in the next centuries of tradition at coronations in the kingdom.
• The twelve-year-old Stefan Lazarević becomes ruler of the Serbian Empire after the death of his father Lazar Hrebeljanović under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.

• The Albanian Prince Gjon Kastrioti I founded the Principality of Kastrioti .

First documentary mentions

• Pohlern is first mentioned in a document.
• The Ukrainian place Buschtyno and the Polish place Stryków are mentioned in writing for the first time.

economy

• In Unna salt production is first mentioned in documents .

science and technology

• January 6th : At the Universitas Studii Coloniensis founded in Cologne last year , the fourth university of the Holy Roman Empire and one of the oldest universities in Central Europe , teaching begins with a disputation between the founding rector Hartlevus de Marca and the theologian Gerhard Kikpot von Kalkar .
• The University of Erfurt ( Alma mater Erfordensis , Hierana ) is based on a deed of foundation Pope Urban VI. from May 4 built.

society

• The Duke's daughter of Milan, Valentina Visconti , is married to Louis de Valois, duc d'Orléans , the brother of the French King Charles VI. , married.

religion

• March 27 : The Abensberg Carmelite Monastery is donated.
• October 25 to November 2 : From the conclave taking place in Rome 1389 after the death of Urban VI. Pietro Tomacelli emerges as the new Pope , who is Boniface IX. is called. At the time of the Western Schism he was confronted with the antipope Clement VII, who lived in Avignon . Boniface mainly uses his term of office to enrich himself and his relatives.

• On the initiative of antipope Clement VII and King Charles VI. of France is Cölestinerkirche in Avignon built.

Born

Date of birth saved

• March 1 : Antonio Pierozzi , Florentine theologian, prior of San Marco and Archbishop of Florence († 1459 )
• April 10 : Cosimo de 'Medici , Florentine statesman, banker and patron († 1464 )
• June 20 : John of Lancaster , English nobleman and regent in France († 1435 )

• November 9 : Isabelle de Valois , French princess and Queen of England († 1409 )
• December 5 : Zbigniew Oleśnicki , Bishop of Krakow, cardinal, diplomat, Duke of Siewierz and regent of Poland († 1455 )
• December 24th : John VI. , Duke of Brittany († 1442 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• December: Philip II of Nevers , Burgundian nobleman († 1415 )

• Astorgio Agnesi , Archbishop of Benevento († 1451 )
• Ahmad ibn Arabschah , Syrian historian and translator († 1450 )
• Borommaracha II , King of the Siamese Empire of Ayutthaya († 1448 )
• Jalāl ad-Dīn al-Mahallī , Egyptian Islamic scholar († 1459 )
• Johann III. , Duke of Mecklenburg, Lord of Stargard, Sternberg, Friedland, Fürstenberg and Lychen († 1438 )
• Mehmed I , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire († 1421 )
• Sam Fang Kaen , king of the Mengrai dynasty of Lan Na in the northern region of present-day Thailand

Died

Date of death secured

• January 25th : Simon von Sternberg , Prince-Bishop of Paderborn
• February 19 : Margarete von Ravensberg-Berg , Countess of Ravensberg and Berg (* around 1320 )

• March 8 : Arnold van Hoorn , Bishop of Utrecht (* around 1339 / 40 )
• March 30th : Elisabeth von Henneberg-Schleusingen , Countess of Württemberg (* 1319 )

• May 4 : Thomas Brinton , Bishop of Rochester
• May 19 : Dmitri Donskoi , Grand Prince of Moscow (* 1350 )

• 3rd June : Pierre d'Orgemont , Lord von Méry and Chantilly, Chancellor of France
• June 10 : Bonaventura Badoardo de Peraga , Cardinal of the Catholic Church and Prior General of the Augustinian Hermits (* 1332 )
• June 15 : Lazar Hrebeljanović , Serbian prince and martyr of the Serbian Orthodox Church (* around 1329 )
• June 15th : Pal Kastrioti , Albanian nobleman
• June 15 : Murad I , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (* 1326 )
• June 15 : Miloš Obilić , Serbian knight and nobleman (* around 1350 )
• June 22nd : Giovanni de Dondi , Venetian scholar and university professor (* 1318 )
• June 28 : Banović Strahinja , Serbian national hero (* around 1350)

• July 18 : Otto II , Count von Rietberg
• August 10 : Pierre Amiel de Sarcenas , French Catholic clergyman (* around 1309)

• September 1st : Johann I. von Rosenberg , Bohemian nobleman
• October 15 : Urban VI. , Pope (* around 1318 )

• November 6th : Irmengard von Oettingen , Countess Palatine near Rhine (* around 1310 )
• December 30th / 31st : John Hastings , English nobleman (* 1372 )

Exact date of death unknown

• April: Wilhelm I , Duke of Bavaria-Straubing, Count of Holland and Zeeland and Count of Hainaut (* 1330 )

• Baha-ud-Din Naqschband , Muslim Sufi, founder of the Naqschbandīya order (* 1318 )
• Gjin I. Muzaka , Albanian prince (* 1337 )
• Johann IV. Junge , (counter) bishop in the diocese of Schwerin
• Michael de la Pole , Lord Chancellor of England (* 1330 )
• Hayam Wuruk , King of the Majapahit Empire, the last great Hindu empire in the Malay Archipelago (* 1334 )

Web links

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