Miloš Obilić

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Miloš Obilić's fresco in the Primate Monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Hilandar. The fresco in the catholicon of the monastery from the time when Hilandar's original medieval frescoes were overpainted shows that the Kosovo legend spread across large parts of the Balkan Peninsula with the final elaboration of the prose poem Legend of the Blackbird Field ( Priča o boju kosovskom ) towards the end of the 17th century had spread. The fresco Miloš Obilić, which had no special sacred function in the Orthodox Church, found its way into the decoration of the church through popular popularity.

Miloš Obilić ( Serbian - Cyrillic Милош Обилић * 1350, † 15. June 1389 in the field of Kosovo , Serbia) was a Serbian knights and nobles , who by many Serbs as a national hero worshiped. In the battle on the Amselfeld , in which the Serbs and their allies faced the then powerful Ottoman army, he is said to have killed the Ottoman Sultan Murad I. The memory of him is still deeply anchored in Serbian consciousness and in Serbian history . Obilić is a symbol of bravery , the movement against tyranny and heroism . The Vidovdan , which is especially celebrated in Serbia, serves as a reminder of the day of the battle .

There are no more precise, reliable information about the person of Miloš Obilić in historical sources.

Legends

Bronze by Miloš Obilić, Ivan Meštrović

Sculpture of Lazar's daughter, Vukosava, who is portrayed in legend as Miloš Obilić's wife. She takes a central figure in the prose poem of the "Legend of the Blackbird Battle" on the theme of the "dispute between the daughters of Lazar" . Sculpture Ivan Meštrović as part of the Vidovdanski Hram

In Serbian epic poetry , Miloš Obilić is extolled as a hero of extraordinary birth and strength. His mother is said to have been a fairy and his father a dragon . He received his extraordinary strength because he was fed with mare's milk (Serbian Kobila ). This is where the name Kobilić comes from . He had an extraordinary horse named Ždral . His companions were the Serbian knights Milan Toplica and Ivan Kosančić , and his wife was Mara, daughter of the Serbian prince Lazar Hrebeljanović .

Life

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According to some sources, Obilić was born in the middle of the 14th century in the village of Dvorište near the town of Golubac . The Serbian Tsar Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan brought him to his castle in Prizren in 1350, when he was about five years old , to train him to be a knight. It was Tsar Dušan who gave the then little Miloš the surname (K) Obilić. Miloš Obilić's birthplace, Dvorište, was confirmed by Karađorđe , the leader of the first Serbian uprising against the Ottoman Empire . In 1380, before the Battle of the Blackbird Field in the village of Dvorište near the town of Golubac, he began building the present-day Tumane Monastery .

Prehistory and assassination attempt on Sultan Murad I.

Besides Prince Lazar, Miloš Obilić is the other central figure in the blackbird field myth. Numerous heroic deeds are said of him, and he embodied chivalry in person. According to legend, he came from the Požarevac area and was a general of Lazar. He was supported by his blood brothers Ivan Kosančić and Milan Toplica, all of the main characters and others. a. in the folk epic The girl from Amselfeld who is looking for her fiancé Toplica among the fallen. Other heroes of the Blackbird Field Battle were Pavle Orlović , Lazar's standard- bearer (also the main character in the folk epic The Girl from the Blackbird Field, the girl cared for the seriously wounded Pavle Orlović, who died in her arms), Stefan Musić , a noble knight (who rode towards his downfall with true loyalty to the Nibelungs ), old Jug Bogdan and his sons, the nine Jugovići (one of the most poignant folk epics is the death of the mother of the nine Jugovići ), and in particular Banović Strahinja , who could rival Miloš Obilić in courage and chivalry (so he fought of all abandoned alone against the Turks and defeated them when they kidnapped his beautiful wife while she was unfaithful to him; even then he did not punish her, but gave her all his possessions and went away).

Accused of treason by Prince Vuk Branković on the eve of the battle, Miloš swore to kill the Sultan the next day in order to prove his innocence, even if he should perish in the process. He surrendered to the Ottomans and pretended to want to join them. The sultan, delighted that the greatest and noblest hero of Serbia wanted to pay homage to him and confide in him a secret, forgot all caution and let Miloš approach his tent. There Miloš threw himself humbly in the dust. When he was close enough to the Sultan to kiss his foot, he tore a hidden short sword from his robe and thrust it into the Sultan's body. He himself fell under the sword blows of the bodyguard. The truth of this legend is unclear, but it is a fact that immediately after the Blackbird Field Battle, the news of a Christian knight who killed Sultan Murad I and is said to have been killed afterwards went around. In a letter contained in the (controversial) Münşeʾātü s-selāṭīn collection, ' Briefs of the Sultans' by State Secretary Feridun Ahmed Bey (d. 1583), which is a copy of a letter dated from the middle decade of Şaʿbān 791 / 5th to 14th August 1389 Bayezid's decree is shown to the weather beam , a Miloş Ḳopilik (میلوش قوپیلك) named as the assassin Murad I. Miloš Obilić is not mentioned in the general historiography, but according to popular traditions it has significance due to the heroic tales, which is why modern historical research assumes, among other things, that Miloš Obilić was actually called Nikola Vratković, nicknamed Miloš (the lovely), and the brother of the wife Lazars who was Princess Milica. He was known as Miloš Nikola during his lifetime.

More theories

• Another theory claims that he and a squad of his Brotherhood of the Red Dragon incapacitated the Sultan's bodyguards and then murdered Murad. After the fact he is said to have fought his way free again and rode away. The village in which he stabbed Sultan Murad was named after him, today's Obiliq .
• According to the most popular version of the legend, during the Battle of the Blackbird Field, Milos approached the Ottoman camp and pretended he was a defector. At an opportune moment, however, he succeeded in penetrating the sultan's tent and mortally wounding it.
• According to Turkish sources, Sultan Murat I was killed after the battle when he approached a Serbian fighter who had pretended to be dead.

Appreciation

In the Principality of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbia , the Miloš Obilić Medal for Bravery was awarded in gold or silver from 1817 to 1918 .

literature

• Silvo Kranjec: Zgodovina Srbov (History of the Serbs) . Natisnila tiskarna družbe sv. Mohorja “Na Prevaljah” (Printed by the Society of St. Hermagoras) - Prevalje (Prevali) 1927
• Richard Peters: History of the Turks . Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart 1966
• Dieter Hägermann and Manfred Leier (editors): How it was how it is . Gütersloh / Munich 2004 (Book No. 004856)
• KA Jovanović: Kosovo songs: German adaptation . Rascher publishing house, Zurich
• Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: History of the Ottoman Empire . (4 volumes), Pesth 1822
• St. Stanojević: Istoria srpskoga naroda (History of the Serbian People). Beograd (Belgrade) 1926
• K. Jireček - J. Radonić: Istorija Srba (History of the Serbs) I.-IV. Beograd 1922-1923

Web links

Commons : Miloš Obilić  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Frank fighters : Obilić, Miloš . In: Mathias Bernath, Felix von Schroeder (Ed.), Gerda Bartl (Red.): Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 3. Oldenbourg, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-486-48991-7 , p. 344.
2. ↑ Feridun Ahmed Beg: Münşe'ātü s Selatin. 2nd Edition. Vol. 1, Taḳvīmḫāne-i ʿāmire, Istanbul 1274 (1858), p. 115 f.