Hierana

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Oldest university seal of the Hierana

Hierana is the common name for the old Erford University, Universitas Studii Erfordiensis (also Erfordensis, Erffordensis or Erffurtensis), which existed from 1392 to 1816 . This name refers to the river Gera (lat .: hiera) crossing the Erfurt , on both banks of which the properties and facilities of the university were located: the one on the Gera .

history

The Collegium Maius , which was built from 1511 to 1515 and functioned as the main building of the Hierana. Here: shell construction 2007 (after destruction in 1945)

The old Erfurt University was one of the first university foundations in Germany. After Prague (1348), Vienna (1365), Heidelberg (1386) and Cologne (1388) it became the fifth university in the Holy Roman Empire on the basis of a deed of foundation by Pope Urban VI. erected on May 4, 1389. The founding document, already issued in 1379 by Pope Clement VII at the request of the citizens of Erfurt , had not yet led to the founding of the university due to the occidental schism , but is regarded by some researchers as the actual date of foundation, making Erfurt the oldest alma mater in Germany today would. With the general studies going back to the 13th century, it definitely has the longest university tradition.

Apart from Erfurt, only Cologne and Trier (1473) had a city university, all other German universities were princely foundations. From the beginning it was a full university equipped with all rights and comprised the faculties of lawyers and theologians as well as those of the artists (later philosophical and natural science-mathematical faculties) and medicine. Unlike other universities in Germany was in Erfurt next to the canon law and the civil law taught.

Student Bureau (bursa pauperum) of the old Erfurt University

Due to the central location of Erfurt at the intersection of European traffic routes, the university soon developed into one of the most well-known educational institutions in Central Europe. At times with more than 1,100 teachers and students and with 35,707 enrolled students between 1392 and 1521, it was the most heavily attended German-speaking university after Vienna. Her reputation also prompted Martin Luther to go to Erfurt in 1501 and acquire the Magister Artium here in 1505 , the intellectual tools for his later work. He recommended that anyone who wants to study well should go to Erfurt, calling other universities “small shooting schools” to the University of Erfurt. The humanist Eobanus Hessus (1488–1540), who studied in Erfurt from 1504, proclaimed: Erfurt shines in the glory of science, and won the competition from all cities in Germany.

After the University of Erfurt had reached its peak in the age of the Reformation and humanism , it lost importance as a result of the church storming in 1521. The Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic era resulted in the decline and closure of a total of 22 German universities. After Erfurt's return to Prussia , the minister responsible stated in 1815 that the Erfurt University was also affected by the “decay”, which is reflected in the “insignificant decrease in the number of students, teachers” and its other facilities. The university operates “doctoral degrees as a trade to compensate for the loss of salaries and income”, whereby “in particular” the medical faculty “[…] [causes] damage”, and recommended its closure. King Friedrich Wilhelm III. the University of Erfurt closed in 1816, while the Prussian state established the University of Halle-Wittenberg for the new province of Saxony , to which Erfurt now belonged .

On the occasion of the establishment of the University of Erfurt in 1994, the then Prime Minister of Thuringia, Bernhard Vogel, referred to the tradition of Hierana, even though the new establishment is not a full university, but purely humanities and social science oriented. The Medical Academy Erfurt , which had previously existed from 1954 to 1993, saw itself in the tradition of the old university and used, for example, its rectorate's seal.

Legacies

Some buildings, some of which have been well preserved or which have been rebuilt after destruction - such as the Collegium Maius - in the former university district of Erfurt are reminiscent of the Hierana. A second-hand bookshop and academic bookstore in this area is called Hierana. With the Bibliotheca Amploniana , the private library of the second rector Amplonius Rating de Berka (around 1365-1435), which he donated to the university in 1412, Erfurt has a world-famous collection of manuscripts, mainly of medical texts. This largest library by a pre-humanist scholar provides a comprehensive overview of all contemporary medicine as taught in Europe up until the second half of the 15th century.

literature

  • Erich Kleineidam: Universitas studii Erfordensis: Overview of the history of the University of Erfurt in the Middle Ages 1392-1521. Part 1: 1392-1460. 1964, 2nd exp. Edition Leipzig 1985. Part 2: Late Scholasticism, Humanism and Reformation: 1461 - 1521. 1969, 2nd exp. Edition Leipzig 1992. ISBN 3-7462-0603-0 . Part 3: The time of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, 1521 - 1632. Leipzig 1980. Part 4: The University of Erfurt and its theological faculty from 1633 to the fall of 1816. Leipzig 1981.
  • Almuth Märker : History of the University of Erfurt 1392-1816. ( Writings of the association for the history and antiquity of Erfurt . Vol. 1) Weimar 1993. ISBN 3-7400-0814-8
  • Robert Gramsch: Erfurt - The oldest university in Germany. From general studies to university. (Writings of the association for the history and antiquity of Erfurt. Vol. 9) Erfurt 2012. ISBN 978-3-95400-062-3
  • Steffen Raßloff : Erfurt. The oldest and youngest university in Germany . Erfurt 2014. ( E-Paper )
  • Horst Rudolf Abe: The Erfurt Medical Academy as the traditional bearer of the Erfurt University ... in: Festschrift 600 years of the University of Erfurt - four decades of the Erfurt Medical Academy, Erfurt Publishing and Printing Company 1992.
  • Rectorate of the Medical Academy Erfurt (Ed.): Contributions to the history of the University of Erfurt ; from 1984: Contributions to the science and university history of Erfurt . 1956 to 1990 (22 volumes).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erich Kleineidam: The founding document of Pope Urban VI. for the University of Erfurt from May 4, 1389 . In: Ulman Weiß (Ed.): Erfurt 742-1990. City history, university history . Böhlau Verlag , Weimar 1992, ISBN 3-7400-0806-7 , p. 135-153 .
  2. ^ Robert Gramsch: Erfurt - The oldest university in Germany. From general studies to university ( publications of the society for the history and antiquity of Erfurt . Vol. 9). Erfurt 2012. ISBN 978-3-95400-062-3
  3. ↑ Excerpt from the report in a publication by the Erfurt University Society , 2009, Part I., Plate 05 “The closure of the Old University of Erfurt”: PDF ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) on neu.universitaetsgesellschaft.de