Burse
The term Burse denotes a community that lives from a common fund, as well as their housing, and is derived from Latin . Bursa originally stood for "bag, pouch, purse" and changed its meaning to "common cash register". As a rule, what is meant is a student, strictly regulated living community, such as existed in university towns from the High Middle Ages to the 17th century. Burses are to be seen as the forerunners of student dormitories and, to a limited extent, of student associations .
General
The Burse consisted of a heated living room, dining room and classroom, around which the scholars' bedrooms were. The management was carried out by a Magister , also called " Magister Regens " or " Prior ". At the same time, he also imparted elementary knowledge in Latin , mathematics, etc. a., if that was necessary. A weekly amount was usually payable for board and lodging. There were strict rules; For example, it was forbidden to speak German in German states.
The bursa had their own libraries. Even with a degree one could be accepted into the bursa. The individual resident was called "Bursgesell", "Bursant" or "Mitbursche", the community "Bursch". The term “ boy ” for the student developed around 1650 from the name for the Bursen residents . A Burse usually consisted of no more than twenty people. Life in the bursa was modeled on the Paris colleges ; it had a monastic character, and there were frequent complaints about bad food. After all, the student from poor backgrounds also had a chance here (French: la bourse "the scholarship").
In some bursa, a secret community life developed in small groups with drinking festivals and similar events, albeit forbidden by the magisters. Burses were compulsory for the individual students, the bursas were subject to university requirements.
The emergence of the term “boy freedom” can be set today in the meaning of a student who is free, independent of the Burse who has previously determined his life alone. Bursas were often based on a country team, for example in Vienna there was a bursa Silesorum - the Silesian Burse . This may have mapped out the formation of the subsequent country teams . Recently, the term “Burse” has been used more frequently as a term for student dormitories .
history
The Collège de Sorbonne, founded by Robert von Sorbon in 1257 for poor theology students , is considered the cornerstone of the Bursen . From the 14th to the 17th century, the bursa spread across Europe.
Living together in Bursen was the rule in the 14th and 15th centuries, but then fell into decline due to the Reformation and humanism . These movements caused a strong influx of universities and numerous new universities were founded, but there professors only taught certain areas of knowledge, which gave students the right to freedom of movement, so that by 1600 there was hardly any Burse left. The university's ties to the church also diminished, so that the idea of bursa finally disappeared completely.
admission
The prospective student had to be accepted by both the rector and the dean of a faculty and finally by the Burse, which illustrates the cooperative nature of all these institutions. Admission to the Burse took place through the custom of deposition ( depositio beani ), which had already been developed in Paris . The word beanus comes from the French bec jaune ("yellow beak ") and means something like mulus ("not yet enrolled"). Depositi beani meant “leaving the status of a mulus ” and was characterized by a physical and psychological torture of the person to be admitted. During this admission period the students were allowed to be mistreated, they had to pay an entrance fee to the Burse or they had to endure the older semesters for a while. They also had to do menial jobs for senior students for a while.
buildings
See also
literature
- Erich Boehringer : The Burse in Göttingen. Tuebingen 1957.
- Kurt Mühlberger : Viennese student courses and codrices in the change from the 15th to the 16th century. In: Kurt Mühlberger, Thomas Maisel (ed.): Aspects of educational and university history. 16th to 19th century. WUV-Univ.-Verlag, Vienna 1993, ISBN 3-85114-117-2 , (= series of publications of the University Archives , University of Vienna ; 7), pp. 130–190.
