Landsmannschaft (student union)

This article describes today's student country teams; for the historical predecessors see Landsmannschaft (early modern times) .

Color map of the German Landsmannschaft

Today's country teams emerged as student associations in the 19th century. Most are members of the Coburg Convent (CC).

General

Today's country teams are often apolitical and no longer have a country team principle, as they accept students from all over the world and thus carry on their traditions. The principle of tolerance and the wearing of color applies . While fencing at least two lengths is compulsory for members of compatriot teams in the CC , compatriot teams in other associations or non-association teams are often optional or not striking.

The eleven Catholic-Austrian Landsmannschaften (KÖL), which are non-striking and denominationally bound, are also a specialty. These are organized in the Academic Association of Catholic-Austrian Landsmannschaften .

history

→ Main articles : Landsmannschaft (early modern period)  and Reformlandmannschaft

While the country associations were purely special-purpose associations with compulsory membership from the 15th century onwards, new communities emerged at the end of the 18th century , which also called themselves country teams, but looked for a new form and were decisively influenced by the student orders they opposed were.

Shortly after the Georg-August-Universität was founded in 1737, the first country teams were formed. The Braunschweig, Bremer, Frankfurter, Hamburger, Hannoveraner, Holsteiner, Ilfeld, Kurland, Livlander, Mecklenburg, Mosellaner, Pomeranian, Rhinelander and Westphalia are known. As a result of the constant fight against the university authorities, they had to disband repeatedly. In 1789 the Westphalia disbanded as the last country team. The Landsmannschaften Hessen and Pommern, founded in 1810 and 1811, had to dissolve in 1812 and swear to the prorector (March 7, 1812) not to found any new Landsmannschaften. To circumvent this prohibition, they reopened in the same year under the name Corps , which sounded neutral for the French occupation authorities . Thus, the country teams initially disappeared from Göttingen. The older country teams are thus the forerunners of the corps.

It was not until 1837 that the new country teams emerged, also known as mainland teams in Göttingen . Connections were re-established as a country team, but adapted to the zeitgeist. They adopted the life covenant principle developed by the order . In the summer of 1840 the first local Landsmannschafter Convent was founded in Göttingen .

However, the new name Landsmannschaft did not mean the resumption of the regional principle, it only pointed to the origin of the first members. The main difference to the corps lay in the principles of these new country teams, which they set up independently of one another at the individual universities

• the equality of all honorable students and student associations
• the lifting of all disrepute as well
• the establishment of generally binding courts of honor .

progress

Compatriot of the Bukovinians (Vienna)

In the course of the Progress (student movement) in Vormärz , Progress connections were also established. Although the Progress basically called for the termination of the connections, there were often progressist circles , but there was also a country team Progress connection, the Hildeso-Cellensia Göttingen country team . In principle, the country teams took the position of the middle group between Progress or Progress connections on the one hand and the Corps on the other. In Austria progressist meant the discarding of the scale length .

The original goal was to give up the then very specific student manners and customs and to adapt to the general bourgeois customs in everyday life. The students' feeling of superiority over the bourgeoisie (also called Philistines ) was considered antiquated. This also explains the parallelism to the gymnastics and choral clubs founded by citizens for the first time.

This movement subsided again and the old traditions such as satisfaction and wearing of colors were resumed. Nonetheless, the censorship was still rejected and only represented by the corps.

Appearance of compatriot associations

From the 1860s onwards, two trends emerged among the country teams. On the one hand the country teams at the technical colleges , on the other hand at the universities.

The first Landsmannschafter Association is the Wetzlar General Landsmannschaften-Senioren-Convent (June 28th 1867) founded by four Landsmannschafts at the technical universities in Karlsruhe and Hanover . Further polytechnic country team associations followed.

The first "University Landsmannschafterverband ", the Allgemeine Landsmannschafter-Convent , was founded on March 1, 1868 by five Landsmannschafts in Kassel. This goes back to the initiative of Teutonia Bonn in 1856. There was a large number of other associations, some of which existed in parallel, until the German Landsmannschaft was founded. In 1919, the two currents of university country teams and polytechnic country teams were finally united. The associations are briefly listed in the following table:

In addition, in the 1920s there were former reform fraternities from the General German Burschenbund (ADB) who either joined the DL or the representative convent (founded August 4, 1872 in Berlin).

After all associations had been dissolved during the National Socialist era , in 1951 the regional teams merged with the compulsory gymnastics associations to form the Coburg Convent .

On November 16, 1954, the Landsmannschaften were accepted from the Austrian Landsmannschafter- und Turnerschafter Convent (ÖLTC), while this continues.

The Coburg Convent is on friendly terms with the German singers , who also have their roots in this period.

Catholic-Austrian country teams

After the First World War, Catholic academics (and occasionally high school students) joined together to form student associations, which, as the “fifth” principle, cultivated and cultivated a special bond with the House of Habsburg. They are non-striking connections in stark contrast to German national corporations. They are organized in the Academic Association of Catholic-Austrian Landsmannschaften (KÖL). Well-known country teams are Maximiliana Vienna , Starhemberg Vienna , Ferdinandea Graz and Josephina Vienna. At the grammar school level there are, among others, the KÖML Tegetthoff zu Wien in the MKV, the KÖML Leopoldina zu Graz, outside the MKV the Corps CÖML Maximilian II in Vienna and in the SCPL the ÖML Ottonia zu Linz, the national team Corps Victoria zu Vienna, the KÖML Staufia zu Graz .

See also

• List of member associations of the CC
• German country team
• List of corporate associations

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Erich Knittel: Recognition and equality of associations and connections with one another and disreputations in the last 150 years , p. 51 ff.
2. ↑ Compare: General Landsmannschaftlicher Comment of the Göttingen Landsmannschaften 1843
3. ^ ^{A b} Horst Bernhardi: The Göttinger Landsmannschaften from 1840–1854
4. ^ Dietrich Weber: Landsmannschaften at technical universities and their associations

literature

• P. Dietrich: Die Deutsche Landsmannschaft , in: Historia Academica, Bde. 3/4, undated
• Herbert Fritz, Reinhart Handl, Peter Krause , Gerhard Taus (= Austrian Association for Student History): wearing color, showing your colors. 1938-1945. Catholic Corporates in Resistance and Persecution. Österreichischer Agrarverlag, Vienna 1988.
• Paulgerhard Gladen : Country teams and gymnastics associations in the Coburg Convent. Hilden 2009

Web links

Wiktionary: Landsmannschaft  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations