General German Association of Boys

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Konrad Küster at the Bundestag of the ADB in Frankenhausen am Kyffhäuser - Pentecost 1910

The General German Burschenbund (ADB) was a fraternity corporation association . It came into being at the instigation of Konrad Küster on November 11, 1883 as a liberal counter-foundation to the General Deputy Convent - the later Deutsche Burschenschaft (DB) - formed two years earlier . The member federations of the ADB under the leadership of the Neogermania Berlin fraternity initially referred to themselves as reform fraternities and referred more than the majority of the ADC / DB fraternities to the liberal-democratic legacy of the original fraternity . They criticized the "excessive luxury, the scaling simplicity and the low scientific nature" of other connections and rejected, among other things, traditions such as the Fuchscomment and the determination mensur as out of date .

history

On November 11, 1883, the reform fraternity members, under the leadership of the Neogermania Berlin fraternity, founded the General German Burschenbund (ADB), which opposed the censorship of regulations, luxury and anti-Semitic currents in order to make the externalized life more simple and natural again. Based on the original fraternity (and as a reaction to the recognition of the categorization and the beginning of anti-Semitism in the ADC), the ADB advocated the national idea without party-political aspirations, the cultivation of student, especially fraternity, history, scientific approach, moral lifestyle, a modest life adapted to the circumstances , the abolition of the fox status, athletic training and the rejection of the duel and the rejection of racial discrimination. The motto was " Honor, Freedom, Fatherland ", the federal colors black, red and gold .

The ADB constitution from 1887 was drawn up by Eduard David, who later became Minister of the Interior . There it says: “The ADB understands a German student to mean every German national as well as Germans abroad.” In 1890 the old gentlemen's associations were founded in the ADB, in 1891 the Matura principle was introduced and in 1895 the fox bands were banned. The ADB adopted the principle of unconditional satisfaction as early as 1887 , but strictly rejected the determination of the censorship (it was only allowed from 1925).

Above all, however, the ADB rejected the anti-Semitism that was rampant in the rest of the student body and explicitly allowed Jewish members (for example Simon Katzenstein ). Because of this, the ADB fraternity was ridiculed by the DB fraternities as a "Jew and pisser bubble". However, the ADB remained numerically weak compared to the German fraternity - not least because of its "Jew-friendly" attitude; In 1913 he counted just 885 active nationwide (compared to 3,300 in the DB).

A slow increase in numbers was followed by a sharp decline from 1892. The threatened dissolution, as well as the political radicalization ( Paul Lensch ) of the association, which had shrunk to six fraternities, was averted by the later Reich Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann in 1898, and since 1910 the number of fraternities has increased steadily. This continued even after the First World War, after one had begun to break with characteristic principles in 1919.

After the First World War, however, the ADB swung into the anti-Semitic mainstream and ordered in October 1919 not to accept any more Jewish students; In 1919 the individual fraternities were allowed to forbid the admission of Jews , in 1920 and 1921 the admission of Jews was forbidden at all, and on June 11, 1924 the Aryan principle was introduced into the third member. In 1920 the ADB also received competition from the Association of German Boys , which was also oriented towards reform fraternity . With the expansion of the Hausmannsturm (Bad Frankenhausen) (also called Frankenburg) near Frankenhausen , where the federal government later held its regular meetings, he set a memorial to the members who died in the First World War.

The appointment censorship was released on October 26, 1919 and introduced in 1926, and in 1927 the commitment to the “Greater German Volkstum”, the “German Volksgemeinschaft” and the “Christian ethics based view of life” was filed. The ADB magazine was called “Burschenschaftliche Ways”. The question of fencing - optional fencing in the ADB versus compulsory censorship in the DB - was an essential difference between the two fraternity associations.

After the National Socialists came to power , the ADB was forcibly merged with the DB, which had already been synchronized, under the leadership of Gerhard Krüger . In 1933 the ADB comprised 38 fraternities with 1,700 students and 2,500 old men. He broke up on 7/8 October 1933, whereby after mergers 12 fraternities were taken over on January 1, 1934 in the DB.

After the Second World War, the federal government did not come into being again. The majority of the earlier ADB fraternities joined the German fraternity, which was re-established in 1950. However, a few remained free of associations (Neogermania Berlin zu Bonn, Ghibellinia Karlsruhe) or were suspended. In addition, there are still some earlier ADB groups in the Coburg Convent ; however, they had already left the ADB in the 1920s because of the scaling issue and joined the CC predecessor associations Deutsche Landsmannschaft and the representative convention of the gymnastics associations. However, today there is still close contact between the remaining ADB frets. These meet annually around November 11th for a joint event (Kreuzkneipe).

The hallmark of the ADBer was a gold-colored pin in the shape of a cube.

From September 30th to October 3rd, 2016, a new fraternity association was founded in Jena: The " Allgemeine Deutsche Burschenschaft " (ADB). It consists of 27 groups with around 3,600 members.

Principles

The following principles were adopted at the Bundestag in 1927:

  1. For all ADBers only the salutation “Federal Brother” and the Federal Brotherly “You” applies, since the ADB wanted to be understood as a single fraternity despite the division into individual corporations.
  2. No fox colors, as the new young federal brother was seen as a full member of the fraternity.
  3. Absolute satisfaction on heavy weapons. While belonging to the association, it was impossible to carry out a possible honorary trade in the weapon between ADBers. Meetings and appointments on rackets (after 1919), d. That is, the individual fraternity was free to decide whether and how often he wanted to fight rackets. In the case of cramped relationships between ADB fraternities, no secondary contracts and no PP suites.
  4. No cartels, understandable from the conception and structure of the federal government.
  5. Tolerant attitude to the question of alcohol, possibility of admitting abstainers, reformed drinking comment.
  6. National attitude and patriotic activity on a non-partisan level, corporate membership z. B. in the association for Germanness abroad .
  7. Christian worldview, Christian behavior and personality in the sense of tolerance.
  8. Care of sports and physical exercise.
  9. Following the pressure of the times and parallel to developments in other corporation associations: Jews were not accepted from 1919.
  10. Participation in university policy issues and student self-administration.

literature

  • Ernst Hans Eberhard : Handbook of the student liaison system. Leipzig 1924/25, pp. 224–225.
  • Helmut Kraussmüller and Ernst Anger: The history of the Allgemeine Deutscher Burschenbund (ADB) 1883–1933 and the fate of the former ADB fraternities. Giessen 1989, Historia Academica, issue 28.
  • Konrad Jarausch: German Students 1800–1970. Frankfurt 1984, ISBN 3-518-11258-9 , p. 65 u. 90.
  • Friedrich Schulze, Paul Ssymank : The German student body from the oldest times to the present. 4th edition Munich 1932 (reprint 1991), ISBN 3-923621-90-6 , p. 357ff.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The ADB “showed an attitude hostile to weapons students. According to a communicated announcement (Deutsche Korpszeitung 30, p. 132), he named the agreement of the large [weapons student] associations as a means of "tyrannizing the rest of the student body". Also elsewhere - according to DKZtg. 30, pp. 345 ff., 379 ff. - this behavior was pointed out. The ADB found an ally in “Vorwärts”, the official journal of the SPD. He referred to the corps students as the nursery of reaction. His goal is to breed the offspring for a mandarin caste (DKZtg. 30, p. 285). ”Siegfried Schindelmeiser: The history of the Corps Baltia II zu Königsberg i. Pr ., 5th part. Munich 1970–1985.
  2. ↑ Uwe Lohalm: Völkischer Radikalismus: The history of the Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutz-Bund. 1919-1923 . Leibniz-Verlag, Hamburg 1970, p. 168, ISBN 3-87473-000-X .
  3. ↑ 1883-1983. 100 years of the Neogermania fraternity. Festschrift, Bonn 1983.
  4. ↑ Studentenkurier 3/2017, p. 24f
  5. ↑ Helmut Kraussmüller and Ernst Anger: The history of the General German Burschenbund (ADB) 1883-1933 and the fate of the former ADB fraternities. Giessen 1989, Historia Academica, issue 28, p. 20.