Hausmannsturm (Bad Frankenhausen)
| Hausmannsturm | ||
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 Hausmannsturm and Stadtkirche (1801) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Frankenburg, Oberburg | |
| Creation time : | around 1100 | |
| Castle type : | Spurburg | |
| Conservation status: | Hall and tower, moat | |
| Standing position : | Count | |
| Place: | Bad Frankenhausen | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 21 '39.1 " N , 11 ° 6' 15.3" E | |
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The Hausmannsturm is a high medieval fortification on a tiny mountain spur above the town of Bad Frankenhausen on the southern edge of the Kyffhäuser in the Thuringian Kyffhäuserkreis . The castle is a protected monument , the area of which is used for tourism.
location
The Spornburg is located on the northeast corner of the medieval city fortifications and only about 400 meters from the center of the former salt extraction facilities (Nappenplatz). Above the castle, on the adjacent Schlachtberg, the decisive battle in the German Peasants' War took place in 1525 between the united Thuringian peasants and the royal army.
history
Long before the city elevation, which would have to be stated as an oppidum from 1219 onwards, the first castle of the Counts of Rothenburg was built at the strategically important location in the immediate vicinity of the salt extraction site . It was called "Frankenhaus" in 998 and must have been significant, as the current place name seems to be derived from it. The fortification is then referred to as the "Haus" property of the Counts of Schwarzburg in 1340 , "Oberburg" in 1381 and "Old Castle" in 1592. It was only given its current name Hausmannsturm after 1550, when a kind of residence for the fire and city guards could be set up in the complex, which had become militarily insignificant. Such accommodations were called Hausmannsturm in contemporary sources . As the owners of the castle, the Counts of Schwarzburg often pledged this complex, which was made possible by the second castle complex built around 1380 in the lower town at the site of today's castle .
On the basis of a contract for a 30-year usage, the Hausmannsturm was handed over to the General German Burschenbund (ADB) in 1909 . In the following years he renovated the facility. Every year at Whitsun, the ADB organized its Bundestag in Frankenhausen, where the Hausmannsturm was the focus of the action. The Hausmannsturm was also used as a logo. The initiator of the meeting was the founder of the ADB Konrad Küster . A spacious festival area measuring 20 × 30 m with a wall border was created. The interior could be reached through an external flight of stairs and a pillar gate, in which a hall of honor (6.45 × 12.00 m and 6 m high) was set up for the members of the association who died in the First World War . After the National Socialists came to power , the ADB was forcibly merged with the DB, which had already been brought into line , and dissolved with it in 1935.
The Hausmannsturm was taken over by the Waffen SS and used as a warehouse, which was released for looting on April 11, 1945. Then all accesses were closed. In 1953 the building underwent minor repairs and a memorial was set up in honor of the Peasant War. Nevertheless, the building was falling apart. From 1980 an association MSC Bad Frankenhausen took over the repair of the tower, so that in 2005 it was presented in a very good condition.
description
The castle consists of a massive round tower with a diameter of nine meters and a wall thickness of up to three meters as well as the tower-like residential building attached to the south, which with a base area of 12 by 17 meters offered little space. The existing facility was still surrounded by a curtain wall and seamlessly connected to the city wall . It therefore dates back to 1210 when it was built. Documented evidence of a previous building has not yet been proven by building findings. The castle site is located on a small hill, which was secured on three sides by the trench sunk into the soft gypsum rock . The only access was via a ladder into a raised gate. A secret escape route created later enabled the castle crew to escape unnoticed. The district immediately below the castle was known as the "Old Castle". This is where the residence of the Burgmannen and the location of the necessary commercial buildings can be assumed.
Oldest representation by Merian
The view of the city by Matthäus Merian from 1650 suggests that the old castle was still being repaired. Your Palas was heading south with a stepped gable provided and a steep roof, where several dormers or bay windows were added. The depicted keep was a cylindrical structure with an octagonal tower dome and six outer turrets. Six columns ascending from it support the upper tower hood with the top and the crowning tower button. The hour bell was placed between the two hoods.
Representation at Bleichrodt
Around 1800 a portfolio with city views of Frankenhausen was created by the artist family Bleichrodt. Below there are also several detailed views of the Hausmannsturm, which allow further conclusions to be drawn about the building history. From the city chronicle it is known that the city, last economically weakened by city fires in 1759, had to neglect maintenance work on the Hausmannsturm, which was also affected by storm and weather damage.
Others
As a symbol of the city, the Hausmannsturm was depicted in its current appearance on a special postage stamp for the 1000th anniversary of Bad Frankenhausen in 1998 .
literature
- Liselotte Pflaumbaum: Contribution to the history of the Frankenhausen town (= publications by the Bad Frankenhausen District Home Museum . Issue 1). 2nd Edition. Kreisheimatmuseum, 1977, ZDB -ID 997224-9 , p. 34-36 .
- Hans Patze , Peter Aufgebauer (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 9: Thuringia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 313). 2nd, improved and supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-520-31302-2 , pp. 29-31.
- Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications . Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 142–143: Castle and Hausmannsturm .
- Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces . Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 130: Hausmannsturm,… .
Web links
- Pictures and other architectural details
- Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun