Reform fraternity
As reform fraternity more marked since the 1880s, student organizations , focusing on the legacy of Urburschenschaft appealed, but from the existing Fraternities wanted to differentiate. The reform fraternities referred more than they did to the liberal-democratic legacy of the original fraternities and criticized many of the traditions of other fraternities as outdated or unsignificant.
The reform fraternities were merged in the corporation associations General German Burschenbund (ADB) and Association of German Boys (VDB).
history
After the founding of the empire in 1871, the old goal of the fraternity, German unity, was often considered to have been achieved within the Reich German fraternities. The fraternities then moved closer to the corps and placed corporate aspects more in the center. Individual fraternities even turned into corps. In 1881 the General Deputy Convent (ADC) was founded as a fraternity, which has been called the Deutsche Burschenschaft (DB) since 1902 .
A reform movement within the fraternities at this time was directed against the alignment of the fraternities with the corps, but also against the increasing fragmentation of the German student body. The determination censorship and an exaggerated comment were also rejected as unburschenschaftlich. The fraternities should instead focus more on moral goals, show tolerance and set themselves the goal of uniting the student body in a general fraternity. In his Tivoli speech on January 21, 1883, the fraternity member Konrad Küster made three central demands for the reform of the fraternities:
- Abolition of the saber and pistol duels as well as the determination and appointment maneuvers and their replacement by compulsory arbitration courts;
- Practicing tolerance as a sign of high education and self-confident strength;
- Non-partisan activity in the national sense.
After the fraternities of the ADC showed themselves averse to all reform efforts - in particular the task of the determination of censorship - Konrad Küster and Eugen Wolff jointly designed a program for a newly established “reform fraternity”. The Neogermania fraternity (now the Bonn fraternity Germania ) was founded as the first reform fraternity on May 5, 1883 in Berlin . In the course of 1883 a number of other “reform fraternities” emerged, which opposed the situation of the fraternity and in the same year merged to form the General German Burschenschaft (ADB).
From Christian themes not beating reform Fraternities to Alemannia Leipzig , Adelphia casting and Marcomannia Frankfurt founded in 1920 the Association of German lads (VDB).
Under pressure from the National Socialists to harmonize , the ADB merged with the DB in 1934. The VDB was supposed to merge with the Schwarzburgbund (SB), but this never happened. In 1935 DB and VDB were dissolved.
The VDB, which was re-established after the war, soon dissolved again. The still existing former VDB fraternities are today either free of association or members of the SB. The ADB was not rebuilt; the majority of the earlier ADB fraternities joined the DB, which was re-established in 1950.
See also
literature
- Gunnar Auth: On the history of the VDB , in: Friedhelm Golücke (ed.): GDS archive for university and student history , Volume 8, SH-Verlag, Cologne 2006. ISBN 3-89498-167-9 .
- Hans-Georg Balder: History of the German fraternity . WJK, Hilden 2006. ISBN 3-933892-25-2 .
- Georg Heer : History of the German fraternity. Volume 4. The fraternity during the preparation of the Second Reich, the Second Reich and the World War. From 1859 to 1919. Heidelberg 1977. ISBN 3-533-01348-0 .
- Helmut Kraussmüller, Ernst Anger: The history of the General German Burschenbund (ADB) 1883-1933 and the fate of the former ADB fraternities. In: Historia Academica 28, Giessen 1989.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Kraussmüller, Ernst Anger: The history of the General German Burschenbund (ADB) 1883-1933 and the fate of the former ADB fraternities. In: Historia Academica 28, Giessen 1989. pp. 31-43.