K.Ö.L. Maximiliana Vienna

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KÖL Maximiliana

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Basic data
Founding: October 11, 1922
Place of foundation: Vienna
Corporation association : KÖL , 1933, founding member
Abbreviation: Mx
Colours:
Fox colors:
Cap: semi-rigid flat cap
Type of Confederation: Men's association
Religion / Denomination: Catholic
Position to the scale : not striking
Motto: Honor, loyalty, fatherland!
Website: www.maximiliana.at

The Catholic-Austrian Landsmannschaft Maximiliana is a monarchist , non-striking student union. The association and its members feel committed to the four couleur student principles religio , patria , scientia and amicitia . The K.Ö.L. Maximiliana was founded on October 11, 1922 and is the oldest member corporation in the umbrella organization Academic Association of Catholic-Austrian Landsmannschaften .

history

Maximiliana

The Catholic part of the German-Christian-Academic Association Wasgonia , founded in 1920, was tired of the differences of opinion within their corporation and was looking for a new homeland for students.

Wasgonia was a very colorful mix of monarchist students of both Christian denominations and united both striking and non-striking elements. At the same time, a group of high school graduates from the secondary school in Vienna-Ottakring decided to found a legitimist association after hearing an inspiring speech by August Maria Knoll at the Thuiskonia secondary school association .

Catechist Theodor von Ströck established the contact between these two groups, who then met on October 11, 1922 in an Ottakring monastery in the Rückertgasse (today the Neu-Ottakring rectory) and founded the patriotic-Catholic-German academic association Maximiliana . The boy colors were green-black-gold on a blood-red background and a dark green velvet cap with a golden breakthrough and advance. The founding convention decided with pietate, audacter et constanter and honor, loyalty, fatherland two slogans.

On February 18, 1924, Rector Johannes Döller gave the young association the right to take a lift at the University of Vienna with an allocated strolling area on the philosopher's side .

The Cartell Association of Catholic German Student Associations , which had its traditional place on this side of the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna, refused to negotiate with the Maxen because of the lack of space and the political stance . An offer from the national-liberal, beating corporations to stand on their side of the arcades was thankfully rejected after consultation with the corporation's clergy.

Finally, on November 29, 1924, Maximiliana appeared on the strolling square and was promptly requested by the CV to leave the square. Since the members of the Maximiliana refused, the entire CV left the arcade courtyard under protest; Maximiliana has not come out to stroll since then.

In March 1925, an old man's association was founded and in the same semester a declaration of principle was formulated which formed the basis for the later compatriot program.

Habsburg-Lothringen (Hasso-Lothringen)

On March 22, 1923, a small group of monarchists founded the Catholic-Fatherland student union Habsburg-Lorraine as a corporation for middle school students . Your commitment to the imperial family was also documented by the choice of colors; the boys' band wore the colors of Habsburg in black, gold and red, and the half-floppy cap was made of imperial yellow velvet.

At that time the city ​​of Vienna was a stronghold of socialism in Austria and so the newly founded association got its first problems with the approval of the statutes with the association authority. In order to be admitted at all, she then called herself Hasso-Lorraine for official use . This strange synthesis of Hesse and Lorraine was only used in connection with authorities.

At the beginning of March 1923, the connection was renamed the Catholic Austrian Landsmannschaft Habsburg-Lothringen . The title was chosen in deliberate contrast to the German fraternity. The term Österreichische Landsmannschaft is a term that, in Latin as natio austriaca, already included the student members of the Habsburg hereditary lands at the universities of Bologna , Paris , Prague and Krakow in the Middle Ages . Even then, Hungarians and Czechs belonged to the natio austriaca.

Habsburg-Lothringen, however, deviates from the territorial concept of the generally known country teams. As a rule, there are compatriots only abroad, so reference should be made to internal emigration. After the collapse of the Habsburg multi-ethnic state, their fatherland was ideally and logically it was also called the Austrian Idea.

When it was foreseeable that Habsburg-Lothringen would transform into a university association, the Catholic Austrian Landsmannschaft Tegetthoff (now part of the MKV ) was founded. This was the first corporation to be founded as KÖL. In November of the same year, the two associations met at a joint federal meeting, which laid the foundation for the later program of the country teams. In the following July, the KÖL Habsburg-Lothringen was formally converted into a university association.

fusion

Coat of arms of the K.Ö.L. Maximiliana Vienna

The contacts with Maximiliana became more and more friendly. Above all, the KÖL Habsburg-Lothringen faced a new problem due to its name. The rectorate of the University of Vienna informed her frankly that recognition by the academic authorities could not be granted as long as the corporation kept its name. Both connections then entered into merger negotiations and decided on June 3, 1927 in separate convents to merge to form the Catholic-Austrian Landsmannschaft Maximiliana . The connection took over the program of the country teams, as well as the statutes and rules of procedure of the Habsburg-Lothringen. The boyish colors are borrowed from the color of Maximiliana with red-black-gold with green puncture, as is the green lid.

In 1930 Otto von Habsburg was asked to take over the Maximiliana bond and patronage over the corporation. Otto von Habsburg accepted both and the members of the association were able to hand him the ribbon and cover on March 13, 1931 at Steenockerzeel Castle ( Flanders ).

The connection grew strongly and took the decision, which is still valid today, that there should never be more than 25 active boys in one country team. This led to the founding of the K.Ö.L. in June 1933. Starhemberg Vienna .

On September 12, 1933, the 250th anniversary of the dismissal of Vienna, Maximiliana and her Starhemberg subsidiary founded a joint umbrella organization , the Academic Association of Catholic-Austrian Landsmannschaften .

The desire to anchor the ideas of the country team in other university cities led to the establishment of another subsidiary of the K.Ö.L. in December 1934. Austria-Salzburg .

This first wave of founding before the Second World War by Maximiliana was in the summer semester 1936 with the Publikationskommers of the K.Ö.L. Carolina Vienna and a year later with the K.Ö.L. Ferdinandea Graz completed.

time of the nationalsocialism

The connection was very popular until the annexation of Austria , but like the other Catholic student connections was banned in 1938.

Legitimism , convinced Catholicism and love for Austria precluded a collaboration with the Nazi regime and the ideas of National Socialism . An Aryan paragraph, as it was to be found in many striking connections, existed at the K.Ö.L. Maximiliana did not and members were active in both civil and military resistance (e.g. Otto Scholik in Operation Radetzky )

Some of its members were involved in the Austro-Fascist corporate state in the unity party Patriotic Front , which led to repression of the regime against members of the Maximiliana under National Socialism.

The then Philistine Senior (chairman of the old gentlemen's association) of Maximiliana, Hans Karl Zeßner-Spitzenberg , was imprisoned, deported to the Dachau concentration camp on the first so-called transport of celebrities and died there on August 1, 1938, from serious internal injuries inflicted on him by the Nazi henchmen were.

post war period

Soon after the end of World War II, the corporation was reactivated and fraternity resumed. From 1947 to 1952 Maximiliana was involved in the founding of two further Catholic-Austrian Landsmannschaften, namely K.Ö.L. Leopoldina Vienna and K.Ö.L. Theresiana Innsbruck .

After his declaration of renunciation in 1961, Otto von Habsburg was able to set foot on Austrian soil again for the first time after the Second World War. Two years later, in the midst of the student unrest of 1968, it was Maximiliana who prepared his first public appearance in the Viennese Sofiensaal.

After her 90th birthday, Empress Zita von Bourbon-Parma traveled to Vorarlberg for her first short visit to Austria in May 1982 after 63 years . On November 13, 1982 she visited her home country a second time and thanked the people in St. Stephen's Cathedral for her return to Vienna, with great sympathy. On the same evening she spoke at the 60th Foundation Festival of the K.Ö.L. Maximiliana.

Maximiliana had already held Austrian academies together with the Akademischer Bund KÖL in the 1930s . These were scientific events with lectures and seminars aimed at deepening the Austrian idea. This tradition was resumed in 1989 with an Austrian Academy on the subject of reflections on the French Revolution . In 1991 the focus was on democracy in the course of time . On the occasion of the millennium celebrations in 1996, another academy followed on the subject of In Search of Austrian Identity .

Known members

Friendship connection

literature

  • Federal Convention of the Austrian Landsmannschaften (Ed.): Austrian Academic Leaves. Born in 1936 ( Festschrift, 30th semester "Maximiliana" ). Vienna 1936.
  • Gerhard Fritz et al. (Ed.): Maximiliana - Signs of Resistance 1922–1987 . Amalthea, Vienna 1987. ISBN 3-85002-260-9 .
  • Heinrich Schuschnigg, Wladyslaw Bartoszewski et al. (Hrsg.): King and people: The democracy in the course of time . Amalthea, Vienna 1992.
  • Heinrich Schuschnigg: The Catholic-Austrian country teams in the resistance against National Socialism. In: Peter Krause , Herbert Fritz (ed.): Corporated in the resistance against National Socialism. Austrian Association for Student History, Vienna 1997.
  • Horst Haselsteiner, Asfa-Wossen Asserate , Heinrich Schuschnigg (ed.): The empires: Rome's heirs . Amalthea, Vienna 2004.
  • Clemens Aigner, Gerhard Fritz, Constantin Staus-Rausch (eds.) Das Habsburger-Trauma , pp. 131-134, Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-205-78917-8

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Krause : O old lad glory. The students and their customs. 5th edition. Graz, Vienna, Cologne 1997, p. 177.
  2. ^ Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance - Barbara Stelzl-Marx - Carl Szokoll and Operation Radetzky - http://www.doew.at/cms/download/2ga50/jb_09_stelzl-marx_2.pdf
  3. ↑ Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance - Neugebauer, Schwarz - barbed wire, loaded with death ... The first Austrian transport to the Dachau concentration camp in 1938 http://www.doew.at/cms/download/3sfgo/dachau_1938.pdf
  4. ^ Neue Zürcher Zeitung, December 10, 1968
  5. ↑ Volksstimme, No. 282, December 6, 1968, "New Habsburg Start in Vienna"
  6. ↑ Bailer-Galanda B, Neugebauer W (2003) 40 Years Documentary Archive of the Austrian Resistance 1963-2003 - DÖW self-published

Web links