Scholar
Scholar (from Latin scholāris (scolāris) , adjective to schola (scola) : school) was the name given to a traveling pupil or student or an academically educated cleric without office and permanent position (see also Vaganten , Goligan ). In high and late medieval narrative literature, scholars are often portrayed as the epitome of light-hearted seducers .
On the academic life of the scholars
The universities of the medieval cities rented so-called hospicia (Latin for hostels), apartments for masters and scholars, in which the lectures were also held. They also brokered loans to less well-off scholars, on the one hand to facilitate the long journey, on the other hand to bind the debtor to the university and thus restrict the freedom of movement of the student.
From the hospicia time from Paris evolved over starting the bursae . These were mostly living, eating and learning communities in which around 10–15 scholars lived in monastery-like seclusion under the direction of a master's degree . The inhabitants of the bursa were called bursarii . (Since the 17th century, the term boy developed from the word bursarius as a general term for the student. Since the 18th century, a full member of a student association was called a boy .)
Deposition was also introduced in the bursa . This was an induction ceremony into the Burse, in which the new scholar was disguised, threatened, insulted, sometimes mistreated and finally forced to confess, whereupon he was finally granted absolution , which meant that he would pay the entrance fee for the Burse as well as the cost of a meal for all bursa members. Ceremonies of this kind are still common today in French universities and are increasingly ostracized and denounced.
During the wandering the scholars, since they were able to read and write, often hired themselves as writers at markets or fairs . They also gained a lot of knowledge of private affairs, the criminal exploitation of which probably also contributed to the bad reputation of their class.
Legal protection for scholars
In 1155, Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) passed a law to protect the Bolognese scholars, which he extended to all students and professors in Roncaglia in 1158 ( Habita ): They could no longer be held for the debts of their compatriots.
The scholar as a literary topos
In the song of the Franks by Joseph Victor von Scheffel (1826–1886) from 1859 it says in the first stanza:
- Now I have enough staff and religious dress
- Of the traveling scholars,
- I want good summer time
- Go to the land of Franconia!
which suggests that scholars were also recognizable by the type of clothing and that their free life was retrospectively reinterpreted in a glorifying, glorifying way.
literature
- Klaus-Peter Schroeder: "Death to the Scholar": Student wars, revolts, excesses and riots at Heidelberg University from the beginning to the end of the 20th century 2016, ISBN 978-3-8253-6509-7 (accessed on 18. July 2016).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Brockhaus Encyclopedia in twenty-four volumes, Nineteenth, completely revised edition, Fourth Volume, Bro-Cos, 1987, p. 227 ISBN 3-7653-1104-9