Pal Kastrioti

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Pal Kastrioti ( bl. 1383–15 June 1389 in the Battle of the Blackbird Field ; also Paul and Paolo Castriota) was an Albanian nobleman who lived in the 14th century. He is the first of the Kastrioti family to be mentioned in historical documents and the grandfather of the famous Albanian prince Skanderbeg .

Surname

Pal Kastrioti had a Greek surname, Kastriotis for "castle residents" or "castle commanders" from kastron , city (from Latin castrum ); a name associated with the Byzantine cultural world . Pal Kastrioti's family was one of the most modest among the fourteenth-century Albanian dynasts who were often siblings with Serbs.

Life

Dominions (in yellow) of the local Albanian rulers after 1359
Map of the Balkans around 1400

The first trace of the Kastrioti family appears at the court of the Slavic dukes of Valona , who are mentioned there from 1346 to 1417. The Austrian historian and archivist Heinrich Kretschmayr confirms that “ Paul appeared in 1368 as captain of the castle of Kanina near Valona ”. A castellan (captain) was mentioned in 1368 at Kanina Castle above Vlora, whether it was Pal Kastrioti, as claimed by Kretschmayr and elsewhere, is not proven according to Oliver Jens Schmitt .

Around 1383 Pal Kastrioti was listed as lord of two villages ( Sinja and Gard i poshtëm in the Dibra region ) on the western flank of the Black Drin valley in northeastern Albania. According to the Yugoslav historian Ivan Božić , Pal's father had received the territories in Albania from the Serbian monarch Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan after he had taken Berat , Valona and Kanina in 1345 .

According to the German historian and orientalist Franz Babinger , Branilo Kastrioti, Pal's father, is the oldest known ancestor by name and was - as the researchers seem to agree - of Serbian origin.

The first Balkan Christian anti- Ottoman coalition was formed in 1359, just five years after the arrival of the Ottomans in Europe. On June 15, 1389, the coalition of the Balkan peoples ( Albanians , Bosniaks , Bulgarians , Wallachians , Serbs , Hungarians and Dalmatians ) was defeated by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire , Murad I. Pal, at the side of his son Gjon I and fell in battle. The three Albanian princes Gjergj II. Balšić and Theodor II. Muzaka then withdrew within their borders under the direction of Gjon I. Kastrioti, but were able to resist the Ottomans and to found a Christian Albanian entity, which stood out from stretched the southern border from Ragusa to the Gulf of Patras .

progeny

Pal is said to have had three sons: Gjon I. Kastrioti (Lord of Matia ), the later father of Gjergj (also Gjorg or Georg), known as Skanderbeg , Alexius, who ruled over three villages, and Constantine, the protosebastus of Sina. According to a Venetian document, Constantine is referred to as " dominus Serinae " (Latin: owner of Serin).

literature

  • Dialogos, Volume 5, Edizioni 17-20. Dijalog . 1996 (Croatian).
  • Franz Babinger: Essays and treatises on the history of Southeast Europe and the Levant / 3 . Südosteuropa-Südosteuropa Verlagsgesellschaft, 1976, p. 333 .
  • Franco Demarchi: Minoranze linguistiche tra storia e politica . Gruppo Culturale CIVIS - Biblioteca Cappuccini, Trient 1988, Le minoranze etniche nei Balcani by Adriana Mitescu, p. 175 (Italian, version in Google Book Search).
  • Irvin Faniko: L'evoluzione storico-giuridico della Carta Fondamentale Albanese . Photocopy Canon sh.pk, Tirana, 2013, Le popolazioni illiriche (Italian).
  • Johann Georg von Hahn : Journey through the areas of the Drin and Wardar: undertaken on behalf of the K. Academy of Sciences in 1863 . Kaiserl.-Königl. Court and State Printing House, 1863, IV. Bena.
  • Carl Hermann Friedrich Johann Hopf : Chroniques gréco-romanes inédites ou peu connues . Weidmann, Berlin 1873 (Italian, archive.org ).
  • Carl Hermann Friedrich Johann Hopf: History of Greece from the beginning of the Middle Ages to our time . B. Franklin, New York 1960.
  • Heinrich Kretschmayr: History of Venice , second volume: The blossom . Salwasser Verlag, 2012, ISBN 3-8460-0658-0 , p. 375 .
  • Oliver Jens Schmitt : Skanderbeg. The new Alexander in the Balkans . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7917-2229-0 .
  • Ludwig von Thallóczy : Illyrian-Albanian research . Munich Duncker & Humblot, 1916 ( archive.org ).

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ You should know that the grandfather of Lord Scanderbeg was called Lord Paul Castriota. He ruled over no more than two villages, called Signa (Sina) and Gardi Ipostesi. To this Lord Paul was born Lord John Castriota who became Lord of Mat. And to him was born Lord Scanderbeg. The mother of the said Lord Scanderbeg, i. e. the wife of the said Lord John, was called Lady Voisava Tribalda who was of a noble family.
  2. ↑ Njegov pradeda Branilo spominje se 1368. kao upravitelj Kanine [...] Pretpostavlja se da je svoje posede u Albaniji dobio od cara Dušana pošto je ovaj 1345. godine osvojio gradove Berat, Valonu i Kaninu [...] Njegov sin Pavle, gospodar od Sinje, imao je tri sina: Konstantina, Aleksu i Ivana ... Ivan Kastriota, otac Skenderbegov, ozenio se Voislavom koja je

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b The new Alexander in the Balkans, p. 27
  2. ↑ a b Heinrich Kretschmayr, p. 375
  3. ^ Ludwig von Thallóczy, p. 137
  4. ↑ Ludwig von Thallóczy, p. 81.
  5. ↑ John Musachi
  6. ↑ Dialogos, p. 77
  7. ^ Franz Babinger, p. 333
  8. ^ Franco Demarchi, p. 175
  9. ↑ Irvin Faniko, p. 29 ff.
  10. ↑ Chroniques gréco-romanes, p. 201
  11. ↑ History of Greece, p. 97
  12. ↑ History of Greece, p. 94
  13. ^ Johann Georg von Hahn, p. 23
personal data
SURNAME Pal Kastrioti
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Paul Castriota
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Albanian prince
DATE OF BIRTH 14th Century
DATE OF DEATH June 15, 1389
Place of death Blackbird field