Lajos Thallóczy

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Lajos Thallóczy or Ludwig Thallóczy , (* December 8, 1857 as Ludwig Strommer in Kaschau / Kassa ; † December 1, 1916 in Herceghalom , Kingdom of Hungary ) was an Austro-Hungarian historian, founder of the Balkan studies in Hungary, administrative officer and politician.

Lajos Thallóczy (1882)

Life

Ludwig was the son of the tax officer Benedek Strommer and the teacher Margit, née Uhl, of Hungarian-German origin. After attending a grammar school in Ofen , he studied history at the University of Budapest from 1875 , and law from 1877, and has already published scientific articles.

In 1877 he changed his name from Ludwig Strommer to Lajos Thallóczy for career reasons , after a Hungarian-Croatian noble family. Doctorate in 1878, habilitation in 1879 , he also worked at the Hungarian State Archives . In 1884 he was commissioned by Reich Finance Minister Benjámin Kállay to research the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The aim was to promote the formation of an “all-Bosnian national identity of the denominationally divided population” of Bosnia. In 1892 he was entrusted with the management of the Austro-Hungarian financial archive , in 1896 appointed court counselor , and from 1901 he was head of the section. As head of the section he was responsible for Bosnian-Herzegovinian cultural and educational matters until 1914. Although he pushed for the expansion of elementary schools there, he was against more high schools or the establishment of a university in Sarajevo.

After ten years of research in over a hundred archives and libraries at home and abroad, Thallóczy published an extensive collection of sources on the history of Bosnia. The publications were expanded significantly with the support of Slavists from across the monarchy. Since 1895 he has also dealt with Albanian history and published in 1912 with Konstantin Jireček and Milan von Šufflay Regesten on the medieval history of Albania . Despite the power-political motivation of his works, they remained of "fundamental importance" for the "late medieval history of the northern Balkans". A description of the medieval history of the Western Balkans in interaction with Hungary was of course also indirectly a historical justification for Hungary's claims to political and economic leadership there. Thallóczy was also President of the Hungarian Historical Society and a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences .

The coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina, initiated by Thallóczy, from 1889.

Thallóczy was a recognized expert on political issues in the Balkans and also on the differences between Austria and Hungary in this regard. He was one of the most important Balkan policy advisors to Gyula Andrássy and Benjámin Kállays, and later to the Hungarian Prime Minister István Tisza , without whose consent no fundamental foreign policy decisions of the entire state were possible. Thallóczy disapproved of the harsh repression of the Bosnian country chief Potiorek in Bosnia and his reporting in favor of the warmongers in the general staff.

During the First World War , Thallóczy had been the Hungarian civil commissioner for the Austrian-occupied Serbia since January 16, 1916 , but was so hindered and ignored by the military administration that he even applied for a transfer to Albania . However, Tisza intervened with Army Commander Archduke Friedrich and Foreign Minister Burián until the responsible military officers were replaced in early July 1916. In September, the civil administration of Serbia under Thallóczy and the military administration were separated.

Thallóczy's grave at Kerepesi temető

On the way back from the funeral of Emperor Franz Joseph , he was killed in a train accident.

Fonts (selection)

  • Studies on the history of Bosnia and Serbia in the Middle Ages. Duncker & Humblot, Munich / Leipzig 1914.
  • Illyrian-Albanian research. Duncker & Humblot, Munich 1916, 2 volumes.
  • Ferdinand Hauptmann (Ed.): Dr. Ludwig Thallóczy diaries. 23.VI.1914-31.XII.1914. Institute for History of the Univ. Graz, Department of Southeast Europe. History, Graz 1981.

literature

  • Thallóczy, Lajos (Ludwig). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 14, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2012–, ISBN 978-3-7001-7312-0 , p. 282 f.
  • Dževad Juzbašić, Imre Ress (ed.): Lajos Thallóczy, the historian and politician. The discovery of Bosnia-Herzegovina's past and modern history. [Contributions to an international conference held in Sarajevo on October 14 and 15, 2008 on the occasion of the 150th year of birth of the Southeast European historian Lajos Thallóczy (1857–1916)]. Akad., Sarajevo / Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-9958-501-54-8 ( PDF 7.27 MB ).

Web links

Commons : Lajos Thallóczy  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tamás Pálosfalvi: The Tallóci Family in the Middle Ages. In: Dževad Juzbašić, Imre Ress (ed.): Lajos Thallóczy, the historian and politician. The discovery of Bosnia-Herzegovina's past and modern history. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia-Herzegovina / Institute for History, Sarajevo / Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-9958-501-54-8 , pp. 183–190, here: p. 184.
  2. ↑ a b c d Thallóczy, Lajos (Ludwig). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 14, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2012–, ISBN 978-3-7001-7312-0 , p. 282 f.
  3. ↑ Book presentation: Lajos Thallóczy, the historian and politician. Austrian State Archives
  4. ^ Robert Elsie: A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. Tauris, London 2012, ISBN 1-78076-431-6 , pp. 437f.
  5. ↑ Emir O. Filipoviĺ: Lajos Thallóczy and the Bosnian heraldry. In: Dževad Juzbašić, Imre Ress (ed.): Lajos Thallóczy, the historian and politician. The discovery of Bosnia-Herzegovina's past and modern history. Sarajevo / Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-9958-501-54-8 , pp. 89-102.
  6. ^ Günther Kronenbitter: War in Peace. The leadership of the Austro-Hungarian army and the great power politics of Austria-Hungary 1906–1914. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-486-56700-4 , p. 464.
  7. ↑ József Galántai: The war aims of the Tisza government from 1913 to 1917. In: Nouvelles études historiques. Publiées à l'occasion du XIIe Congrès International des Sciences Historiques par la Commission Nationale des Historiens Hongrois. Budapest 1965, pp. 201–225, here: pp. 211f.
    Andrej Mitrovic: The War Aims of the Central Powers and the Yugoslavia Question 1914-1918. In: Adam Wandruszka, Richard G. Plaschka, Anna M. Drabek (eds.): The Danube Monarchy and the South Slavic Question from 1848 to 1918. Texts from the first Austrian-Yugoslav historians' meeting in Gösing 1976. Vienna 1978, pp. 137–172, here : P. 153.
    Gabor Vermes: István Tisza. The Liberal Vision and Conservative Statecraft of A Magyar Nationalist. Columbia University Press, New York 1985, ISBN 0-88033-077-5 , p. 325.
personal data
SURNAME Thallóczy, Lajos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Thallóczy, Ludwig; Thallóczy, Ljudevit; Thallóczy, Ludovicus de; Taloci, Ljudevit; Strommer, Ludwig (birth name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austro-Hungarian historian and politician
DATE OF BIRTH December 8, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Košice / cash desk
DATE OF DEATH December 1, 1916
Place of death Herceghalom , Kingdom of Hungary