Gyula Andrássy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gyula Andrássy in Hungarian Magnate Costume (Portrait of Gyula Benczúr , 1884)

Gyula (Julius) Count Andrássy von Csík-Szent-Király and Kraszna-Horka the Elder [ ˈɟulɒ ˈɒndraːʃi ] (born March 8, 1823 in Kaschau , Abaúj-Torna County ; †  February 18, 1890 in Volosca , Austrian coastal country ) was a Hungarian Magnate , rebel against Habsburg and leading politician in the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy .

Life

Gyula Andrássy came from an old Hungarian magnate family . His father Károly Andrássy (1792–1845), landowner and politician, was married to Etelka Szapáry (1798–1876). After completing his university studies and after traveling abroad, he was elected to the Pressburg Reichstag from 1847/48 and elected by the new Hungarian ministry to the head of the Zemplén county .

As a passionate patriot , he took an active part in the Hungarian revolution against the Habsburgs under the leadership of Lajos Kossuth in 1848 . Andrássy was the leader of the Zempléner Landsturm in the fight against the imperial troops at Schwechat as well as the Hungarian envoy in Istanbul . After the crackdown on the Hungarian Revolution in 1850, he was sentenced to death by hanging in absentia. He fled to Paris, where he married Comtesse Katharina Kendeffy, and later moved to London. In Paris he was accepted into the Masonic Lodge Le Mont Sinai .

By using his mother, he was allowed to return to Hungary in 1860. During his time in exile, Andrássy's attitude to the Hungarian question changed: In view of Pan-Slavism , he increasingly doubted the viability of an independent Hungary and advocated remaining in the Austrian monarchy, albeit with extended rights for the Hungarian part of the empire. In 1861 Andrássy became a member of the Hungarian Parliament, where he and Ferenc Deák became the opinion leaders for remaining in the Habsburg Empire.

Gyula Andrássy (1870)
Gyula Andrássy (1885)

During the reorganization of the monarchy through the Austro-Hungarian settlement , Andrássy was elected Hungarian Prime Minister on February 17, 1867. In the following years he pursued a resolute Magyarization policy within the Hungarian part of the empire , above all at the expense of the Croatian minority. He enjoyed the special trust of the imperial couple Franz Joseph and Elisabeth . He accompanied both to the Paris World Exhibition and the opening of the Suez Canal . After Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust's impeachment , Andrássy was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Imperial House on November 14, 1871. As early as the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, Andrássy had advocated the strict neutrality of the monarchy. The maintenance of good relations with the German Reich remained the main goal of his activity from then on. With several initiatives he tried to curb the Russian influence in the Balkans.

In 1872 he took part in the meeting of the three emperors in Berlin , in 1874 he accompanied the emperor to Saint Petersburg , in 1875 to Venice to meet the Italian King Viktor Emanuel II , in 1876 to the meeting with the Russian tsar in Reichstadt . An uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1876 gave him the occasion to issue a note to the Sublime Porte (the government of the Ottoman Empire) regarding fleeing Christians.

The Andrássy Mausoleum in the Tőketerebes Castle Park

During the Balkan crisis , i. H. the wars of Turkey with Serbia and Montenegro and then with Russia , he directed the Austro-Hungarian policy in terms of neutrality. The Treaty of San Stefano in 1878 clouded relations with Russia. Andrássy received a loan of 60 million guilders from the delegations and was now working towards submitting the peace treaty of San Stefano to a European congress that met in Berlin in June 1878 and in which he was the first authorized representative. There he ensured that Austria was given the mandate to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina by the great powers. On October 8, 1879, he resigned from his ministerial post after he had given his activity a brilliant or fatal conclusion, depending on the opinion, through the dual alliance with the German Empire . He officially gave health reasons for this step. The fact that the Russian influence, which he had fought for decades, also began to spread to Hungary may also have played a role.

Andrássy was a member of the Academy of Sciences in Pest . The recommendation for an honorary member of the academy was justified at the time by the fact that Andrássy did not write history, but made history. He died at the Villa Minach in Voloska of cancer , which his physician Dr. Antal had diagnosed the bladder using electrical lighting. His remains were transferred to his estate in Tőketerebes and buried in a (later) built mausoleum in the castle park .

family

On July 9th, 1856 Andrássy married Countess Katharina (Katalin) Kendeffy (* 1830, † 1896) in Paris. The marriage had three children:

  • Theodor (Tivadar; * July 10, 1857 in Paris, † May 13, 1905 in Budapest) ∞ Eleonora Countess Zichy (* 1867, † 1945)
  • Ilona (* 1858, † 1952) ∞ Lajos Graf Batthyány (* 1860, † 1951)
  • Gyula the Younger (* 1860, † 1929) ∞ (from 1909) Eleonora Countess Zichy (* 1867, † 1945)

His son Gyula Andrássy the Younger was also a leading Hungarian politician and was appointed Foreign Minister by the last Austrian Emperor Charles I a few days before the end of the monarchy.

Honor

  • Gyula Andrássy is the namesake of the Budapest boulevard Andrássy út and the German-speaking Andrássy University in Budapest.
  • The original Andrássy monument in 1907
    The replica of the statue (2017)
    An Andrássy equestrian statue was erected on the south side of the Budapest parliament building in 1906. It was the work of the Hungarian sculptor György Zala (* 1858, † 1937). In 1945 the statue was removed and melted down for political and ideological reasons. The material was used for a huge statue of Stalin that was placed in the Budapest City Park. By decision of the Hungarian government, a reconstruction of the demolished Andrássy monument was made, which was erected on the site of the old monument in 2016.

literature

Web links

Commons : Gyula Andrássy  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Etelka Szapáry was a canon at the Star Cross Order and maintained good relations with Empress Elisabeth.
  2. ↑ The mausoleum was built at the instigation of his widow Katalin Kendeffy; the construction work was completed in 1893.
  3. ↑ a b Four girls emerged from the marriage with Theodor Andrássy: Ilona (* 1886, † 1967), Barbara (* 1890, † 1968), Katharina (* 1892, † 1985) and Klára (* 1898, † 1941). Katharina (Hungarian Katalin) was known as "the red countess" because she married Mihály Károlyi (* 1875, † 1955) the prime minister of the " aster revolution ". After the death of her first husband, Eleonora Zichy married her brother-in-law Gyula Andrássy the younger.
predecessor Office successor
Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister
November 14, 1871 - October 2, 1879 		Heinrich Karl von Haymerle
Menyhért Lónyay kuk Finance Minister (interim)
Nov. 14, 1871–15. Jan 1872 		Ludwig von Holzgethan
Ludwig von Holzgethan kuk finance minister (interim)
June 12, 1876-14. Aug 1876 		Leopold Friedrich von Hofmann
personal data
SURNAME Andrássy, Gyula
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Andrássy von Csík-Szent-Király and Kraszna-Horka, Gyula Graf (full name); Andrássy von Csík-Szent-Király and Kraszna-Horka, Julius Graf (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austro-Hungarian politician
DATE OF BIRTH March 8, 1823
PLACE OF BIRTH Košice , Abaúj-Torna county
DATE OF DEATH February 18, 1890
Place of death Volosca , Austrian coastal region