1331

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1331
Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan is crowned King of the Serbs .	The Franciscan and world traveler Odorich von Portenau dies.
1331 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	779/780 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1323/24
Aztec calendar	7. Rabbit - Chicome Tochtli (until the end of January / beginning of February 6th house - Chicuace Calli )
Buddhist calendar	1874/75 (southern Buddhism); 1873/74 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	67th (68th) cycle Year of the metal sheep辛未 ( at the beginning of the year metal horse 庚午)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	693/694 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	709/710
Islamic calendar	731/732 (turn of the year 3rd / 4th October)
Jewish calendar	5091/92 (September 2/3)
Coptic calendar	1047/48
Malayalam calendar	506/507
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1641/42 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1642/43 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1369
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1387/88

Events

Politics and world events

Europe

• September 8 : Stefan Uroš IV. Dušan , the self-proclaimed king of the Serbs , crowns himself in Skopje . With it he founds the Greater Serbian Empire. His father Stefan Uroš III. Dečanski , whom he had overthrown with the help of the nobility, dies on November 11 under unknown circumstances.
• November 20 : At the instigation of Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria , 22 Swabian imperial cities, including Augsburg , Ulm , Reutlingen and Heilbronn , join forces to form the Swabian League of Cities . The objective is to secure the imperial city freedoms. The alliance is thus also directed against the efforts of the respective sovereigns for territorial expansion of Bavaria, Württemberg, Austria and other emerging territorial states.

• Charles IV joins his father, Johann von Luxemburg , as co-regent in Bohemia and Moravia . In the same year he goes on a train to Italy.
• Charles Grimaldi , the son of Raniero Grimaldi , succeeds in conquering Monaco again after 30 years . He is the first Grimaldi to hold the title of Seigneur de Monaco .

Japan

• The Genkō War , with the help of Ashikaga Takauji , the Go-Daigo - tennō rebellion against the Kamakura Shōgunate begins in Japan .

Africa

• Abu Said Uthman II dies. His son Abu l-Hasan becomes the eighth Sultan of the Merinids in Morocco. He forms an alliance with the emirate of Granada under Muhammad IV, weakened by Christian attacks . from the ruling family of the Nasrids .
• The Arab explorer Ibn Battuta travels to Ethiopia , Mogadishu , Mombasa , Zanzibar and Kilwa Kisiwani . His travelogue is the first and for centuries the only description of the East African coast .

City rights and first documentary mentions

• Gündlischwand , Randeck , Rechtenstein and Riedlingsdorf are first mentioned in a document.
• Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian gives Coburg the Schweinfurter and Pleystein the Nuremberg city ​​rights .

science and technology

• The invention of the wheel balance enabled the construction of complex clocks .
• Stone cans were used for the first time during the siege of Cividale in Friuli .

religion

• Johannes Hake succeeds Nikolaus von Kesselhut , who died on February 11, as Bishop of Verden . As the first bishop to be appointed directly by the Pope in Verden, he must first come to an agreement with the cathedral chapter that has been ignored. Later he transferred the administration of the diocese to his vicar general Gottfried von Werpe and stayed mostly in Avignon.
• April 11th : Pope John XXII. orders the Archbishop of Cologne, Heinrich II. von Virneburg , to check the files of the trial against Nicholas of Strasbourg . Thereupon the proceedings initiated against Nikolaus are lifted.
• May 23 : Johannes I. Pfefferhard , Bishop of Chur, dies in the captivity of the Barons von Grünenberg , who captured him as a supporter of Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria , who was an enemy of the Pope, on the way back from his episcopal ordination in Avignon last year. Pfefferhard's successor as Bishop of Chur is Ulrich von Lenzburg .
• August 3rd : Otto II von Woldenberg dies. The majority of the cathedral chapter elects the Guelph Heinrich III as his successor as Bishop of Hildesheim . from Braunschweig-Lüneburg . However, its confirmation has met with considerable difficulties. The administrator of the Archdiocese of Mainz , Baldwin of Luxembourg confirmed the election, Pope Johannes XXII. However, Heinrich von Virneburg has been appointed archbishop, so that Heinrich's archbishop confirmation is doubtful. In addition, Heinrich's predecessor placed the diocese in the hands of the Pope before his death, which makes the choice of the chapter without papal approval in vain. In fact, Pope John XXII determines. Count Erich von Holstein-Schaumburg as bishop. Heinrich does not accept this decision and is therefore subject to the papal ban and interdict . Since the cathedral chapter, the Brunswick dukes and the nobility still stand behind him, he controls large parts of the Hildesheim monastery , such as the nearby dam city . The influence of his competitor is essentially limited to the city of Hildesheim and the monasteries.

• The Severikirche in Erfurt is built.

Disasters

• The plague breaks out in the Empire of China . This point is the beginning of a pandemic that will invade Europe as the Black Death in 1347 and only temporarily ebb away in 1351 .

Born

Date of birth saved

• February 16 : Coluccio Salutati , Italian politician and philosopher († 1406 )
• April 14 : Johanna Maria de Maillé , French nobleman and Catholic saint († 1414 )
• April 30th : Gaston III. , Count of Foix, Vice Count of Béarn (as Gaston X.), Marsan and Lautrec and co-lord of Andorra († 1391 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• John de Ferrers , English nobleman († 1367 )
• Margaret of Sicily-Aragon , Countess Palatine near the Rhine († 1377 )
• Salvestro de 'Medici , Florentine Gonfaloniere († 1388 )
• Johann Ochsenstein , Habsburg general in Switzerland († 1386 )
• Somuncu Baba , Ottoman ascetic and Muslim saint († 1412 )
• Ulrich I , Count of Cilli († 1368 )

Born around 1331

• Peter Mauley , English nobleman († 1383 )

Died

Date of death secured

• January 11 : przemysław of racibórz II. , Duke of Glogau (* 1301 / 1308 )

Odorich's grave in Udine

• January 14th : Odorich von Portenau , Italian Franciscan and world traveler (* between 1265 and 1286)

• February 11th : Nikolaus von Kesselhut , Bishop of Verden
• March 15 : Johannes of Cologne , master builder at Cologne Cathedral (* around 1270 )
• March 27 : Guy de Penthièvre , Count of Penthièvre (* 1287 )

• May 10 or 12 : Engelbert von Admont , Austrian abbot (* around 1250 )
• May 23 : Johannes I. Pfefferhard , Bishop of Chur
• August 3 : Otto II von Woldenberg , Bishop of Hildesheim

• October 6th : John II of Bokholt , Bishop of Schleswig
• October 27 : Abu'l-Fida , Arabic chronicler, geographer and Emir of Hama (* 1273 )
• October 27 : Heinrich Reiche , provost of the Brandenburg Cathedral and curator of the Dargun monastery

• November 11th : Stefan Uroš III. Dečanski , Serbian king of Raszien (* around 1285 )
• Nov. 18 : William I , Count of Katzenelnbogen (* 1276 / 1277 )

• December 9th : John Stewart , Scottish nobleman
• December 24th : Philip I , Prince of Taranto, Albania and Achaia (* 1278 )
• December 30 : Bernard Gui , French Dominican and Inquisitor (* 1261 / 1262 )

Exact date of death unknown

• March: Pierre d'Arrabloy , French cardinal

• Abu Said Uthman II ibn Yaqub , Sultan of the Merinids in Morocco
• Johann II zu Putlitz , Bishop of Schwerin
• Morgan ap Maredudd , leader of the Welsh uprising of 1294
• Beatrice of Savoy , Queen of Bohemia (* 1310 )
• Mathilde of Hainaut , Princess of Achaia (* 1293 )

Web links

Commons : 1331  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Meister Eckhart and his time: Nicholas of Strasbourg , stone cannon