Dam city

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Seal of the dam city
Woodcut 1586: Hildesheim in the back , Moritzberg in front , in between the remains of the dam city

The dam city was a short-lived, medieval city re-establishment in the immediate vicinity of the city of Hildesheim at the time . The city was surrounded by the Innerste , the Kupferstrang and Trillke and Blänkebach.

history

The dam city was founded in 1196 by the provost Poppo of the Mauritian monastery. Provost Poppo targeted Flemish merchants to the west of St. Andrew's Church , which still belongs to the episcopal city , on the meadow area belonging to the monastery, which is very moist due to the nearby Innerste, on both sides of the east-west trade route. The governor of the city was exercised by the Vogt of the Moritzstift. As early as 1232 he granted the residents the choice of their own mayor and two councilors. In the same year, the dam city was expanded to include another settlement south of the dam path. In 1232 the dam city was also given municipal rights by Lippold, the Vogt of Moritzstift. The existence of a market square and a town hall as well as the names of four streets that criss-crossed the city on the dam: Kramerstraße, Nicolaistraße, Engestraße, Stovenstraße. Bishop Otto assigned a hill not far south of Himmelsthür to ​​the dam city as a place of justice, which is still called "Gallberg" today.

The history of the dam city ended as early as 1332. It was completely burned down on Christmas night and most of the residents were killed. Only a few were able to escape and found refuge on the Moritzberg . The dam city had previously chosen Heinrich III by the cathedral chapter . supported by Braunschweig-Lüneburg as a candidate for the office of Hildesheim bishop, the episcopal city, however, had from October 1332 from him and that of Pope Johannes XXII. appointed Erich von Holstein-Schauenburg , and the latter initiated the attack. It is unclear whether, in addition to the troops of Erich Hildesheim's citizens, even took part, as is often claimed.

The citizens of the old town did not want economic competition, especially from the cloth makers and dealers of the dam city. As early as 1298, the Hildesheim council had banned the residents of the dam from the cloth trade, and only Bishop Heinrich II von Woldenberg lifted this ban again. Above all, the old towners feared that the fortified sister city could block off trade coming from the west. In 1288 the dam city was given a solid wall for ramparts and ditches, and it was not until 1331 that the fortifications were reinforced. The names of the city gates have been passed down with Bergtor, Beiersches Tor, Steintor and Dammtor.

After Duke Heinrich had prevailed in the dispute over the bishopric, the citizens of the old town ran over to him again. Subsequently, with the mediation of the cities of Braunschweig and Goslar, a settlement was made between the city council of Hildesheim and the bishop. According to this Sona Dammonis (which is mostly translated as Dammsühne ) of March 26, 1333, the city had to pay the bishop 1,000 silver marks , the equivalent of about two and a half quintals of silver, which put a heavy burden on the household for several years. In return, it was awarded the area of ​​the dam city, took over its old east wall and thus expanded its fortification beyond the innermost part to the west.

The Hildesheim street names Dammstraße and Dammtor still remind of the dam city . The northern moat of the dam town, which was laid out in 1311 and ran south of today's Michelsenschule , was filled in in the 1920s.

literature

  • Johannes Heinrich Gebauer: History of the Neustadt Hildesheim. Lax, Hildesheim / Leipzig 1937, ISBN 3-8269-6305-9 .
  • Thomas Küntzel: The dam city of Hildesheim: ideal and reality of a high medieval city foundation . In: Concilium Medii Aevi 10 (2007), pp. 1–32 ( PDF file; 1.57 MB ).
  • Herbert Reyer: A short history of the city of Hildesheim. 2nd edition, Lax, Hildesheim 2002, ISBN 3-8269-6300-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Archive link ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Retrieved October 22, 2007 at 5:44 AM.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / nibis.ni.schule.de
  2. ↑ Reyer, pp. 24/25.
  3. ↑ Gebauer, p. 7.
  4. ↑ a b Reyer, p. 25.
  5. ↑ a b c d http://www.hi-moritzberg.de/3-0-Geschichte-Moritzberg.html , accessed on October 22, 2007 at 5:37 am.
  6. ↑ a b Reyer, pp. 35/36.
  7. ↑ a b http://www.stadtarchiv-hildesheim.de/publikationen/dok_109_sona.htm , accessed on October 22, 2007 at 6:02 a.m.
  8. ↑ a b Reyer, p. 36.
  9. ↑ A copy is preserved in the Hildesheim city archive and is kept under the signature inventory 1 no. 635 D 8.
  10. ↑ http://www.stadtarchiv-hildesheim.de/strassen/strassen_a.htm

Coordinates: 52 ° 9 '  N , 9 ° 56'  E