Moritzberg (Hildesheim)

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Moritzberg
City of Hildesheim
The coat of arms since 2011
Coordinates: 52 ° 9 ′ 2 ″  N , 9 ° 55 ′ 2 ″  E
Area : 4.08 km²
Residents : 15,113  (2019)
Population density : 3,704 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1911
Postcodes : 31137, 31139
Area code : 05121
map
Location of Moritzberg in Hildesheim

Moritzberg is a district in the west of Hildesheim . Together with the Waldquelle , Godehardikamp and Bockfeld settlements , it forms one of the city's 14 localities . The old monastery village was incorporated in 1911.

geography

To the north, the Moritzberg borders on Himmelsthür , which is separated from the Moritzberg by the B1. In 2011, the Moritzberg district with Godehardikamp and Bockfeld and the west adjoining district to the east with the Steinbergviertel, which stretches from Schützenwiese in the north to the Steinberg forest deep in the south, were combined to form a district called Moritzberg. In the west there are extensive green and forest areas in the Gallberg - Rottsberg - Lärchenberg area, in the south the former village of Neuhof. They all belong to the Neuhof / Hildesheimer Wald district.

history

Moritzberg, in the foreground Hildesheimer Schützenhaus , lithograph around 1860

middle Ages

The written history of the Moritzberg begins in 1028 with the inauguration of the (first) Mauritius church on the mountain range known at that time as "Zierenberg" by Bishop Godehard . From around 1025 he had a fortified complex and a "monasterialem ecclesiam", ie a monastery or monastery , built there. But the mountain was already settled before this point in time, the scenic and strategic location was too favorable for that. There was probably a fortification on the mountain as early as the 5th century, as well as smaller chapels, one of which was built over a pagan spring shrine in honor of the god Ziu . In the 8th century Bonifatius is said to have founded a church on the Zierenberg, in the 9th century the first Hildesheim bishop Gunthar founded an episcopal castle and house chapel.

In 1058 the Pope confirmed the foundation of a nunnery on the Moritzberg to the Bishop of Hildesheim, which was converted into a collegiate monastery a few years later . A larger church was built, which was consecrated in 1072 in the presence of Emperor Heinrich IV . In 1151 the property of the St. Mauritius Monastery was first recorded in writing. In addition to the collegiate church, the document mentions the St. Godehard chapel, the provost chapel and an "old monastery" ("vetus monasterium"), which was perhaps the first St. Mauritius building. In the 12th and 13th centuries the monastery expanded its property considerably and became quite wealthy. Probably in the 11th century was the later Kupferstrang mentioned innermost -Seitenarm the Moritz Berger Bergmuehle built, which passed in 1500 in the possession of the city of Hildesheim. In 1451 a copper mill on the Trillke is documented.

In 1196, the Moritzstift gave land to Flemish settlers on the Dammstrasse, which leads from Moritzberg to Hildesheim. In 1232 more Flemings were settled and the town was granted city rights by the bailiff of the monastery. The place called Dammstadt made economic competition for the Hildesheimers. In 1332 troops of the designated Hildesheim bishop Erich von Schauenburg (Schaumburg) attacked the place, killed the inhabitants and pillaged the city. In the process of persecuting refugees, they also penetrated the mountain village and the Moritzstift. In 1347 the Hildesheimers attacked the Moritzberg directly, destroyed churches and houses, plundered and expelled all residents. Rebuilding was slow, although the monastery sold parts of its property. As recently as 1382, St. Mauritius was not fully restored. And the countless disputes between the Hildesheim bishops and neighboring rulers continued to affect the Moritzbergers for decades.

From the beginning, Moritzberg consisted of two parts: the church Moritzstift on the mountain top and the mountain village that is dependent on it. The pen enjoys closer immunity ("pen freedom"), i. That is, it is not subject to normal jurisdiction, but is the judge himself on its property. In 1427 the provosts of the monastery were granted “neck jurisdiction” by Bishop Magnus . They also use it to negotiate crimes such as murder, robbery and arson themselves and can impose the death penalty. In 1595 this right was withdrawn from them because of "disuse". Since the 17th century, the inhabitants of the mountain village have exercised self-government to a certain extent: they elect mayors and councilors. The mountain village of Moritzberg was not surrounded by a wall, but only by a wall with a moat. The names of three gates have survived: The Katztor, first mentioned in a document around 1430, with a 28-foot high tower, which the street “Am Katztor” is still reminiscent of today, rose at the southern end of Bennostraße not far from today's confluence with the Small tax just before the Jewish cemetery. The Dingworthtor, built in 1452, stood at the northern end of Dingworthstrasse. At the northern end of the "Obere Bergstrasse" section of today's Bergstrasse was the Krehlator with its 25-foot tower, which was also called the Schäfertor.

Early modern age

Berg spots Mauritius in 1770 with Kreyla- and Katz Thor and Jewish burial
In 1652 the citizens received from “S. Mauritiy or Zierenberg ”their first coat of arms from Emperor Ferdinand III.

In 1510 the Moritzbergers opposed the Hildesheim bishop Johannes IV of Sachsen-Lauenburg , who then had the place plundered by mercenaries. Between 1519 and 1523 the Moritzberg was occupied by Braunschweig troops during the Hildesheim collegiate feud and Hildesheim was shot at from Moritzberg.

The Reformation was introduced in Hildesheim in 1542. However, the Moritzberg Abbey succeeded in preventing non-Catholics from settling in its area. In 1549 the plague raged on the Moritzberg. In 1553 and 1572 the place was again attacked and sacked by mercenaries. When the Jews were expelled from Hildesheim in 1595 on the pretext of incest, they fled to Moritzberg, where there was a small Jewish community, and did not return to the city until 1601. The small synagogue of the Jewish community on Moritzberg was on the corner of today's Bergmühlenstrasse. The Jewish cemetery, which has been preserved to this day, was located south of the Katztores on what is now Bennostraße and therefore outside the village.

In the Thirty Years' War there was fighting in front of the city of Hildesheim in 1626. The Moritzberg was looted twice by the Danes and St. Mauritius infected. The collegiate chapter fled. In the summer of 1632 the monastery and Mauritius church were destroyed by the Swedes and the Hildesheimers allied with them. The imperial equestrian leader Pappenheim , who held the Krehla- and Finkenberg hills belonging to Moritzberg, had to withdraw. When the Swedes withdrew from Hildesheim, Pappenheim attacked again in September 1632, occupied the city and had the residents of the destroyed Moritzberg housed there. Evangelical preachers and teachers had to leave Hildesheim. In 1633 Duke Friedrich Ulrich von Braunschweig conquered the city and returned the churches to the Protestants. The mountain mill was also burned down. The destruction was enormous and wolves had to be hunted in the area as late as 1652.

The reconstruction took a long time. In 1644 the monastery was refurbished, in 1649 the topping-out ceremony of the rebuilt Mauritius Church, and in 1650 that of the Margaret Church. In 1651 the mountain mill was put back into operation. Bishop Maximilian Heinrich confirmed the privileges of the mountain residents in 1652. The place became a town and received market rights, its own jurisdiction and its own coat of arms . In 1699 there were again 114 houses on the Moritzberg. In the 18th century the colleges (curia) were rebuilt, around 1770 some clergymen had a forest park built, the Berghölzchen , and made it accessible to the public. In 1785 there were 673 inhabitants.

From 1805

Population development
year Residents
around 1580 1 700
1699 1 550
1785 673
1810 711
1830 1 1,000
1885 1,889
1891 2,297
1895 3,326
1905 4,442
1911 1 4,700
1970 1 9,000
1987 1 11,500
2007 9,506
2019 15,113
1 estimate
The Moritzberg around 1900 ( Villa Windthorst and St. Mauritius Church )

In 1805 the Moritzstift was secularized ; from 1806 Moritzberg belonged to the Kingdom of Westphalia . In 1810 the monastery property was sold and the monastery was finally abolished, in 1812 the parish church of St. Margaretha. It was demolished a few years later; the former collegiate church of St. Mauritius became the new parish church. The failure of the Moritzstift economic factor led to an impoverishment of the population. Some residents emigrated. In 1815 the former duchy of Hildesheim and Moritzberg fell to the Kingdom of Hanover .

Economically, Moritzberg and Hildesheim gradually grew together. The Krehlator was torn down in 1818, and after 1832 the Katztor was the last of the three gates. New factories settled on Moritzberg. A flax factory was founded on the site of the former mountain mill in 1857 , followed by a jute spinning mill and, from 1876, a natural rubber or rubber factory . The rubber factory was opened in 1878 after the major fire in the factory in Hann. Münden bought from the rubber goods factory Gebrüder Wetzell founded there in 1859 , which continued operations at both locations until 1892 as the Münden-Hildesheim rubber goods factory Gebrüder Wetzell AG and then became Wetzell Gummiwerke AG . In the 1960s, Phoenix Gummiwerke Hamburg-Harburg took over the majority of the Hildesheim company. The rubber factory was not closed until 2004. In 1865 Moritzberg joined the Hildesheim gas supply; from 1905 to 1945 the tram line 1 ran between Hildesheim and Moritzberg (today's stop Güldener Löwe ). In the last third of the 19th century, the city of Hildesheim expanded beyond the previous fortification ring into the area of ​​the former dam city (now called "Dammtor real estate"), which was mainly used as pasture by several communities, including Moritzberg.

In 1881 a terrible fire broke out in what was then Moritzberg, Moritzberg was just a patch. The houses Froböse, Knoke, Ernst and the pub Pieper in Dingworthstrasse fell victim to the flames. Today the Moritz-Stube restaurant and the buildings up to the entrance to the Pieperschen Hof are located here. The residents of the community were powerless to face the raging element. The Moritzberg already had its own hand syringe. Every man in town helped when there was a fire to be fought, but of course no one had proper training. During the rescue work, the pipe operator of the community syringe, the carpenter Kliemann, was critically injured by a collapsing chimney.

Then it became clear to the Moritzbergers that the time had come to found a fire brigade. Interested citizens met for an inaugural meeting chaired by master locksmith Paßmann. 32 of the men present volunteered for the fire service.

In 1882 the Prussian mansion submitted a bill for the compulsory unification of Moritzberg and Hildesheim, which met with fierce opposition from the Moritzbergers. One reason given for the law was that Moritzberg had only one gendarme and was therefore unable to control the “large factory population of both sexes” and “the recently emerged social democratic elements”. In addition, there are extensive forest areas, such as the bordering Moritz Steinberg, the "fancy a particularly suitable hideout for the rabble, and criminal actions, as also a terrible sex murder had happened here a few years ago." The House of Representatives legislative body rejected the original but from.

In the next few years, the number of inhabitants in Moritzberg rose sharply due to industrialization; for the first time there were more Protestant than Catholic residents. In 1895 there were 1652 Catholics and 1674 Protestants. Cholera cases occurred at the end of the 19th century . It was not until 1895 that the place received a central water supply. The new working-class population also made itself felt politically. While Moritzberg had previously been firmly in the hands of the Catholic Center Party , the Social Democrats have now gained ground. In the early 1920s, the socialist parties SPD and USPD achieved above-average results in the Moritzberg electoral district.

Since most of the taxes flowed to Hildesheim, the municipality was financially barely able to fulfill its municipal tasks. In addition, there were the debts that weighed on the place because of a financing scandal at the Moritzberg power station, which was newly built in 1899. So on April 1, 1911, with the consent of the Moritzbergers, the union with Hildesheim finally came about. A small part of the former Moritzberg community fell to Neuhof . Various street renaming were necessary: ​​Friedrichstrasse, in which the town hall of the mountain village, built in 1907, is located, was renamed “Zierenbergstrasse” and Wilhelmstrasse into “Moritzstrasse”. Kreuzstrasse, which has been under this name since 1889, has been called "Triftstrasse" since then, and Gartenstrasse was given the new name "Maschstrasse". The Mühlenstraße was renamed "Bergmühlenstraße". "Obere Bergstrasse", "Mittlere Bergstrasse" and "Untere Bergstrasse" were combined under the uniform name of "Bergstrasse" into one street.

From 1911

Moritzberg , local boundaries around 1900

As a “incorporation gift ”, the district received a large, historicizing, castle-like new school building with a gray sandstone block base and a baroque-style entrance area, called the “yellow school” due to its color scheme (inauguration 1915). From the 1920s onwards, numerous new residential areas were opened up, initially Birnbaumskamp and Nonnenkamp. In 1928 the Trillke-Gut school for women was established , in 1932 the Glockenfeldsiedlung, in 1936 the "garden city" Waldquelle . Around 1936 the was under job-creation program of the Nazi government , the national route R1 (now B 1 removed).

During the Second World War , flak positions were set up on Berghölzchen and an underground bunker was built. The Trillke-Gut became a hospital . The Evangelical Christ Church served as a warehouse for Russian and Polish forced laborers , most of whom worked at the Wetzell rubber works. The district was largely spared from the air raid on Hildesheim on March 22, 1945. However, the restaurant "Zum Felsenkeller" and the former brewery at the northern end of Elzer Strasse were destroyed. Residential houses in Godehardistraße and Elzer Straße were only destroyed in isolated cases. The Krehla garden restaurant on Moritzstrasse was severely damaged by bombs, as was the rubber factory. However, severe damage occurred in the eastern half of Dingworthstrasse. The Mauritius Church was hit by fire bombs; however, the resulting fire could be extinguished immediately. The Christ Church was not damaged. After the occupation of Hildesheim by British troops, the “Berghölzchen” restaurant was requisitioned and initially used as a commandant's office.

In the post-war period, additional residential areas were built in the Moritzberg district. Between 1961 and 1967 the Godehardikamp was built by the civil servants housing association and the Twelve Apostles Church was built. In 1970/71 the Bockfeld was also developed. In 1989 a new building area (“Klusburg”) was finally built on Gallberg.

Due to the lack of awareness of monument protection at the time, the Propsteihof of the former Mauritian monastery and the half-timbered syringe house of the Moritzberg fire brigade in Bergstrasse were demolished in 1974 . In 1986 one of the meeting places of the Hildesheim and Moritzberg youth, the restaurant and discotheque be bop , which was located in the former Gasthaus Wilhelmshöhe on the Rottsberg, outside the center of the settlement and with a panoramic view over the city, closed. A year later the building burned down. In 1994, the Trillke-Gut school for women was also closed due to the drop in student numbers.

and display information about the image
View of the Moritzberg from the chimney of the former Phoenix area. You can see the towers of the St. Mauritius Church and the Christ Church

politics

Moritzberg / Bockfeld is represented by 25 local councils.

The local mayor is Erhard Paasch (SPD).

Economy and Infrastructure

The district newspaper West - Moritzberg / Bockfeld Moritz vom Berge appears both in print and online with information for the residents of the district.

Since the reorganization of the district boundaries (2011), in which the Moritzberg was combined with the Weststadt district, the population has been around 15,200. District centers to supply the population are located, among others. a. on Dingworthstrasse and in Godehardikamp. The most striking buildings are the Christ Church, Mauritius Church and the Twelve Apostles Church.

Public facilities

There are several kindergartens, elementary schools and a Waldorf school. The Michelsenschule grammar school , like the Schützenwiese police station, is in the area of ​​the former western district. The former sports hall on Pappelallee, built in 1957 with seating for 900 spectators, was converted into an event center with 2,435 seats and 400 standing places in 2006–2007.

Regular events

A few years ago, the custom of a regular Schnadgang border inspection was revived. The Pflockflötchenmarkt, already mentioned in 1819, is very popular and is held every year on Whit Monday in Bergstrasse between the Güldenen Löwen and Bennostrasse. It is named after flutes that are carved from willow or hazelnut branches. Around Pentecost, the wood is said to be particularly suitable for carving - the art of flute carving is also demonstrated on the market.

traffic

The federal highways 1 ( Hameln - Braunschweig ) and 243 (Hildesheim - Seesen ) lead directly past the Moritzberg. Several lines of the Hildesheim city traffic serve stops on Moritzberg.

  • Former town hall

  • Dingworthstrasse , mentioned in a document in 1728, main shopping street in Moritzberg

  • The sundial in Godehardistraße commemorates March 22, 1945 . The house was destroyed in World War II and rebuilt in 1947.

  • Green area at the Königsteich

literature

  • Working group Moritzberg u. a. (Ed.): Abbey Freedom and Mountain Village. 883 years of Moritzberg history . Hildesheim: Lax 1989. ISBN 3-7848-5023-5
  • Heinrich Kloppenburg: History of the Moritzstift and the Moritzberg community . Hildesheim 1933. (manuscript in existing municipal archives and Dombibliothek Hildesheim )
  • Sabine Brand (Ed.): From the mountain village to the district. 100 years of Moritzberg incorporated. Moritzberg Verlag, Hildesheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-942542-02-9

Web links

Commons : Moritzberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Goetting, The Hildesheimer Bishops from 815 to 1221/1227 (The Diocese of Hildesheim 3 = Germania Sacra NF 20), Berlin / New York 1984, p. 250; s. also on the following Michael Geschwinde : "We, dat gantze capittel to sentte Mauriciuse uppe dem Berghe before Hildensem ..." A story of the Moritzberg in the Middle Ages . In: Arbeitsgruppe Moritzberg 1989, pp. 1–26
  2. ↑ s. Article of the Moritzberg cultural association  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 8, 2008@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.kulturverein-moritzberg-web.de  
  3. ↑ Document book of the city of Hildesheim . Vol. 7. Hildesheim 1899, No. 8
  4. ↑ s. Michael Schütz: “No atonement for cruel deeds”. Sona Dammonis - reconciliation because of the dam city . (Historical documents from the city archive, volume 109). In: HAZ v. February 11, 2006 (enclosure)
  5. ↑ Sabine Brand: What is a pen . In: Arbeitsgruppe Moritzberg 1989, pp. 35–51, here p. 46ff.
  6. ↑ a b Hildesheimer Allgemeine Zeitung v. February 2, 2008, p. 16.
  7. ↑ Andrea Germer : History of the city of Hildesheim until 1945 . In: Hildesheim - city and space between Börde and Bergland . Hannover 2001, pp. 70–95, here: p. 80 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to instructions and then remove this notice. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / nibis.ni.schule.de
  8. ^ Christian Köhler: St. Mauritius on the mountains before Hildesheim. Volume II. Hannover 1980, p. 77f.
  9. ↑ Moritzberg in the Thirty Years' War in the diaries of Dr. Conrad Jordan . In: Arbeitsgruppe Moritzberg 1989, pp. 97-100
  10. ^ Günther Hein: From the mountain mill to the rubber factory . In: Arbeitsgruppe Moritzberg 1989, pp. 176–186
  11. ↑ Printed matter No. 14 of the Prussian manor house, session 1882.
  12. ^ Commission report of the House of Representatives 1882, cited. n. Günther Hein: "If the annexation were approved ..." The incorporation of Moritzberg into Hildesheim. In: Arbeitsgruppe Moritzberg 1989, pp. 234–249, here p. 237 f.
  13. ^ Work from the Reich Health Office. Berlin 1896, p. 161; German quarterly for public health care. Braunschweig 1900, p. 508
  14. ^ Rudolf Wichard: Elections in Hildesheim 1867 to 1972. Hildesheim 1975, p. 99.
  15. ↑ Hein: "If the annexation were approved ..." , p. 240ff.
  16. ^ Rudolf Zoder: The Hildesheimer streets. Hildesheim 1957.
  17. ↑ Manfred Overesch: Hildesheim 1945-2000 . Hildesheim 2006, p. 222; Helmut von Jan (ed.): Bishop, city and citizen: essays on the history of Hildesheim . Hildesheim 1985, p. 312
  18. ↑ Manfred Overesch : The moment and the story: Hildesheim on March 22, 1945. Hildesheim 2005, p. 50.
  19. ↑ The ice cellar of the former Victoria brewery , website of the association Kultur und Geschichte vom Berge e. V. v. May 29, 2007; Günther Hein (Ed.): Moritzberger stories. In search of traces in an old monastery village. Hildesheim 1987, pp. 35, 45, 73.
  20. ↑ Erich Heinemann: Years between yesterday and tomorrow. Hildesheim after the war, 1945–1949. Hildesheim 1983, p. 18.
  21. ^ Local councilor Moritzberg / Bockfeld
  22. ^ District newspaper Moritz vom Berge online
  23. ↑ Hildesheimer Allgemeine Zeitung. August 9, 2016, p. 7.
  24. ↑ From the districts. In: Hildesheimer Allgemeine Zeitung. v. June 15, 2000, p. 1; Moritz vom Berge. June 2006.