Cabinet Hitler

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Cabinet Hitler
Cabinet Hitler
Chancellor Adolf Hitler
Appointed by Reich President Paul von Hindenburg
education January 30, 1933
The End April 30, 1945
Duration 12 years and 90 days
successor Goebbels' cabinet
composition
Party (s) NSDAP , DNVP , steel helmet
representation
Reichstag election November 1932
248/585
Reichstag election in March 1933
340/647
Reichstag election November 1933
639/661

The Hitler cabinet , also known as the Hitler government , was the coalition government of the German Reich formed on January 30, 1933 , which Adolf Hitler headed from the same day after his appointment as Chancellor . With the beginning of Hitler's Chancellorship, the Weimar Republic, which had existed for 14 years, was effectively dissolved in the following weeks and the totalitarian dictatorship of National Socialism was established in Germany.

The key figure in the formation of the Hitler cabinet was above all Franz von Papen , whose appointment as Chancellor had originally been accepted by some ministers on the day of the swearing-in. Since the beginning of January 1933, von Papen had mediated between the NSDAP and the DNVP on a joint government behind the back of the incumbent Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher on behalf of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg .

Initially, the Hitler cabinet was essentially a coalition government made up of the NSDAP and the German National People's Party (DNVP), in which other right-wing politicians from the national conservative and ethnic groups - including the Stahlhelm and right-wing Catholics such as von Papen - were involved. This coalition had no majority in the Reichstag, and therefore put first the 1930 prevailing presidential function of President Hindenburg on.

The violent persecution of the communists with the help of the Reichstag Fire Ordinance of February 28, 1933 and the new Reichstag elections of March 5, 1933 changed the situation: the NSDAP and DNVP now had a majority, but after the enactment of the Enabling Act on March 24, 1933  - that of the government granted dictatorial powers for four years - the conservative coalition partner DNVP also became superfluous and after the self-dissolution, their MPs joined the NSDAP.

development

Even if Hitler allowed factual advice in the cabinet up until the Enabling Act, which changed as early as April 1933, there were no formal votes from the start. As Hitler built his power base outside the cabinet, the number of cabinet meetings also decreased. In February / March 1933 there had been 31 meetings, in April / May 1933 only 16, and for the rest of the year and for 1934 there were a total of 42 meetings. The Hitler cabinet met for the last time on February 5, 1938. Hitler dealt with the ministers in isolated communication, sometimes directly, sometimes even indirectly via the heads of the Reich or Party Chancellery . In fact, all ministers became the order recipients of the (from August 1934) “Führer and Reich Chancellor”. In addition, numerous special representatives of Hitler undermined the activities of the ministers.

Initially there were only three NSDAP members in the cabinet: in addition to Reich Chancellor Hitler, Minister of the Interior Frick and Minister Göring without a portfolio. Goebbels (“Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda”) joined on March 13th. In April Franz Seldte , who surprisingly became Minister of Labor instead of Theodor Duesterberg , joined the NSDAP. The German national Alfred Hugenberg , Minister for Economy , Agriculture and Food , resigned on June 29, 1933; Foreign observers had initially regarded him as the strong man in the Cabinet. His party had disbanded two days earlier. After that, some non- party members (or those who had become non-party) remained in the cabinet.

minister

Hitler's cabinet
January 30, 1933 to April 30, 1945
Reich Chancellor
(from August 2, 1934 " Führer and Reich Chancellor ")		 Adolf Hitler NSDAP
Deputy of the Reich Chancellor Franz von Papen
until August 7, 1934 		independent
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Konstantin von Neurath
until February 5, 1938 		non-party
(from 1937 NSDAP)
Joachim von Ribbentrop
from February 5, 1938 		NSDAP
Interior Wilhelm Frick
until August 24, 1943 		NSDAP
Heinrich Himmler
from August 24, 1943 		NSDAP
Finances Johann Ludwig Graf Schwerin von Krosigk independent
(from January 30, 1937 NSDAP)
economy Alfred Hugenberg
until June 29, 1933 		DNVP
Kurt Schmitt
June 29, 1933 to August 3, 1934 		NSDAP
Hjalmar Schacht
August 3, 1934 to November 26, 1937 		independent
(from January 30, 1937 NSDAP)
Hermann Göring
November 26, 1937 to January 15, 1938 		NSDAP
Walther Funk
from February 5, 1938 		NSDAP
job Franz Seldte Stahlhelm *)
(from April 1933: NSDAP)
Judiciary Franz Gürtner
died on January 29, 1941 		DNVP
(from 1933 independent, from 1937 NSDAP)
State Secretary Franz Schlegelberger
provisionally from January 29, 1941 to August 24, 1942 		NSDAP
Otto Georg Thierack
from August 24, 1942 		NSDAP
Reichswehr
from June 23, 1935: Reich Ministry of War dissolved
on February 4, 1938		 Werner von Blomberg
until February 4, 1938 		non-party
(from 1937 NSDAP)
Wehrmacht High Command
from February 4, 1938		 Wilhelm Keitel non-party
(from 1939 NSDAP)
post Office Paul von Eltz-Rübenach
until February 2, 1937 		independent
Wilhelm Ohnesorge
from February 2, 1937 		NSDAP
traffic Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach
until February 2, 1937 		independent
Julius Dorpmüller
from February 2, 1937 		independent
(from January 1941 NSDAP)
Food and Agriculture Alfred Hugenberg
until June 29, 1933 		DNVP
Richard Walther Darré
June 29, 1933 to May 23, 1942 		NSDAP
Herbert Backe
from May 23, 1942 		NSDAP
Public enlightenment and propaganda
from March 13, 1933		 Joseph Goebbels NSDAP
Aviation
from May 5, 1933		 Hermann Göring
until April 29, 1945 		NSDAP
Science, education and popular education
from May 1, 1934		 Bernhard Rust NSDAP
Church affairs
from July 16, 1935		 Hanns Kerrl
died on December 15, 1941 		NSDAP
State Secretary Hermann Muhs
provisionally from December 15, 1941 		NSDAP
Armaments and ammunition
from March 17, 1940
from June 2, 1943: Armaments and war production		 Fritz Todt
died on February 8, 1942 		NSDAP
Albert Speer
from February 8, 1942 		NSDAP
Occupied Eastern Territories
from November 17, 1941		 Alfred Rosenberg NSDAP
"German Minister of State for Bohemia and Moravia "
from August 20, 1943		 Karl Hermann Frank NSDAP
Reich Minister without portfolio
from February 5, 1938: Reich Minister		 Hermann Göring
January 30, 1933 to April 28, 1933 		NSDAP
Ernst Röhm , Chief of Staff of the SA
December 1, 1933 until his death on June 30, 1934 		NSDAP
Rudolf Heß , "Deputy Leader"
December 1, 1933 to May 10, 1941 		NSDAP
Hanns Kerrl
April 16, 1934 to July 18, 1935 		NSDAP
Hans Frank
from December 19, 1934 		NSDAP
Hjalmar Schacht
November 26, 1937 to January 22, 1943 		NSDAP
Otto Meissner , head of the presidential chancellery
from December 1, 1937 		NSDAP
Hans Heinrich Lammers , head of the Reich Chancellery
from December 1, 1937 		NSDAP
Arthur Seyß-Inquart
from May 1, 1939 		NSDAP
Martin Bormann , head of the party chancellery
, equated with a Reich Minister from 1941 		NSDAP
Wilhelm Frick, Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia
from August 24, 1943 		NSDAP
*)personally until joining the NSDAP DNVP member

See also

literature

  • Martin Will: The formation of the cabinet on January 30, 1933 against the background of the constitutional change in the late phase of the Weimar Republic. In: The State . Journal for state theory and constitutional history, German and European public law. Volume 43, 2004, pp. 121-143.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Heinrich Brüning : Memoirs. 1918-1934. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1970, p. 467.
  2. ^ Richard J. Evans : The Third Reich . Volume 1, Ascent . Translated by Holger Fliessbach and Udo Rennert, DVA, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-421-05652-8 . P. 417.
  3. ^ Wolfram Pyta : Hindenburg. Rule between Hohenzollern and Hitler. Pantheon-Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-570-55079-3 , p. 780 ff.
  4. ↑ After Martin Broszat : The State of Hitler. Foundation and development of its constitution (= dtv world history of the 20th century. Volume 9 = dtv 4009). 9th edition. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-423-04009-2 , pp. 349-350.

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