Reich Ministry for Food and Agriculture

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The building of the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture, also known as the “Ministry of Food” or “Ministry of Agriculture”, at Wilhelmstrasse 72 during the Nazi era . After the interior was destroyed in the war , the palace planned for reconstruction in 1956 was blown up by the East Berlin magistrate in 1960/62 .

The Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture (RMEL) was a supreme Reich authority during the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1933 and during the Nazi era from 1933 to 1945 . The Ministry was responsible for the agricultural policy matters of the German Reich . It was headed by a Reich Minister , who in turn was subordinate to a State Secretary . On January 1, 1935, the Ministry was merged with the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests ("Prussian Ministry of Agriculture") founded in 1879 and until 1938 was given the name "Reich and Prussian Ministry of Food and Agriculture". After the end of National Socialism in 1945 and the occupation period , the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry was established as the successor to the Federal Republic of Germany, which was founded in the western zones .

history

Certificate from the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture on the importance of the Opekta in war (1943)

In March 1919, the “Reich Ministry of Nutrition” emerged from the Reich Food Office. This was merged with the Reich Ministry of Economics in September 1919 and re-established during the Kapp Putsch in March 1920 under the name "Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture". In the same year the Ministry moved into the Palais of Princes Alexander and Georg at Wilhelmstrasse 72 in Berlin . From 1924 onwards, four large-format paintings by August Weber were on loan in the building , which have been considered lost since 1945.

After the National Socialists came to power on January 30, 1933, the ministry was initially under the direction of Alfred Hugenberg . After his forced resignation in June 1933, Kurt Schmitt (Reich Economics Minister) and Walther Darré (Reich Minister for Food and Agriculture) were his successors. The latter took over on June 30, 1933 as "Reich Peasant Leader" head of the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture, with him as the to in this function DC circuit created agriculture Reichsnährstand shelter. In personal union , Darré also headed the Office for Agricultural Policy (from 1936 "Reichsamt für Agrarpolitik"; from 1942 "Reichsamt für das Landvolk"), which was part of the party's administrative apparatus, which was responsible for the management and supervision of the Reichsnährstand. The RMEL took over the state supervision of the organization of the Reichsnährstand. As a result, individual areas of responsibility were gradually transferred to other NS authorities. In 1934, when the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture was spun off , the Reichsforstamt, under the leadership of Hermann Göring , was established as the highest Reich authority for forestry and hunting, timber management, nature conservation and the preservation of natural monuments. On January 1, 1935, the Reich Forestry Office was merged with the Prussian State Forestry Office. Goering's deputy and de facto head of the Reich Forestry Office became general forest master Walter von Keudell , and from 1937 Friedrich Alpers . Furthermore, in 1934 and 1935 the agricultural vocational and technical schools were outsourced to the Reich Ministry for Science, Education and National Education and veterinary medicine to the Reich Ministry of the Interior . On September 22nd, 1938, by decree of the Reich Minister, all research institutes in the field of fisheries were combined with the establishment of the Reichsanstalt für Fischerei .

Reich Minister

Surname Taking office Term expires Political party cabinet
Robert Schmidt February 13, 1919 March 26, 1920 SPD Scheidemann , farmer
Andreas Hermes March 27, 1920 March 10, 1922 center Müller I , Fehrenbach , Wirth I , Wirth II
Anton Fehr March 31, 1922 November 21, 1922 BBB Wirth II
Karl Muller November 22, 1922 November 25, 1922 center Cuno
Hans Luther December 1, 1922 4th October 1923 Non-party Cuno , Stresemann I.
Gerhard Count von Kanitz October 6, 1923 December 5, 1925 Non-party Stresemann II , Marx I , Marx II , Luther I
Heinrich Haslinde January 20, 1926 December 17, 1926 center Luther II , Marx III
Martin Schiele January 28, 1927 June 12, 1928 DNVP Marx IV
Hermann Dietrich June 28, 1928 March 27, 1930 DDP Müller II
Martin Schiele March 30, 1930 May 30, 1932 DNVP / CNBL 1 Brüning I , Brüning II
Magnus Freiherr von Braun June 1, 1932 January 28, 1933 DNVP Papen , sneak
Alfred Hugenberg January 30, 1933 June 29, 1933 DNVP Hitler
Richard Walther Darré June 30, 1933 May 23, 1942 NSDAP Hitler
Herbert Backe May 23, 1942 2 May 23, 1945 NSDAP Hitler , Goebbels , Schwerin von Krosigk
1 from July 22, 1930 CNBL
2 officially from April 1, 1944

State Secretaries

Surname Taking office Term expires Political party
Ludwig Huber 1 1920 1922 Non-party
Carl Heinrici 1922 1923 Non-party
Fred Hawthorn 1923 1926 Non-party
Erich Hoffmann 1926 1929 Non-party
Hermann Heukamp 1929 1932 Non-party
Fritz Mussehl 1932 1933 Non-party
Hansjoachim von Rohr 1933 1933 DNVP
Herbert Backe 1933 1944 NSDAP
Werner Willikens 1934 1945 NSDAP
Hans-Joachim Riecke 1943 1945 NSDAP
1 Undersecretary of State

literature

Web links

Commons : Reich Ministry for Food and Agriculture  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the register of historic Berlin urban development and architectural monuments in the Mitte district . Printed by Hans Müther: Berlin's building tradition . Verlag Das Neue Berlin, Berlin (GDR) 1956, pp. 85–108, here p. 88.
  2. ^ Laurenz Demps: Berlin-Wilhelmstrasse. A topography of Prussian-German power . Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 1994, p. 305, with references.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Neugebauer (Ed.): Handbook of Prussian History. Vol. 2. Berlin / New York 1992, p. 603, ISBN 3-11-008322-1 .
  4. ↑ a b Joachim Tauber u. a. (Ed.): Archive guide to the history of the Memel region and German-Lithuanian relations. Oldenbourg, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-486-57902-9 , p. 284.
  5. ↑ Riki Kalbe, Moshe Zuckermann: A property in the middle. The site of the future Holocaust memorial in words and pictures. Göttingen 2000, p. 22, ISBN 3-89244-400-5 .
  6. ^ Hans Kehrl : Crisis Manager in the Third Reich. With critical comments and an afterword by Erwin Viefhaus. Düsseldorf 1973, p. 49 ff.
  7. ^ Horst Gies: NSDAP and agricultural organizations in the final phase of the Weimar Republic. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte . 15th year, 1967, issue 4, p. 375 ( PDF ).
  8. ^ Rudolf Kluge, Heinrich Krüger: Constitution and administration in the Greater German Empire . Reich Citizenship. 2., rework. Ed., Berlin 1939, p. 196.
  9. ↑ Horst Gies: The role of the Reichsnährstandes in the National Socialist system of rule. In: Gerhard Hirschfeld, Lothar Kettenacker (eds.): The “Führer State”. Studies on the structure and politics of the Third Reich (= publication by the German Historical Institute, London. Volume 8). Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-12-915350-0 , p. 274.
  10. ↑ a b Joachim Tauber u. a. (Ed.): Archive guide to the history of the Memel region and German-Lithuanian relations. Oldenbourg, Munich 2006, p. 286 f.
  11. ↑ Joachim Radkau u. a. (Ed.): Nature conservation and National Socialism. Frankfurt a. M. / New York 2003, ISBN 3-593-37354-8 , pp. 88 f., Note 52.

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 55 ″  N , 13 ° 22 ′ 52 ″  E