Bavarian farmers' union

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The Bayerischer Bauernbund ( BB ) was a German political party in Bavaria . From 1893 to 1933 he represented the interests of the rural population in the Bavarian state parliament and in the German Reichstag . It had its strongholds in the old Bavarian regions, but was also consistently well represented in Swabia . Compared to other agricultural interest organizations ( Bund der Landwirte , Landbund , Christian National Farmers and Rural People's Party ), its program was liberal and, in contrast to the Center Party and the Bavarian People's Party, emphatically non- clerical . Since 1922 it has been called the Bavarian Farmers' Association .

history

After the Bund der Landwirte (BdL) was founded in Berlin on February 18, 1893 , an offshoot should also be founded in Bavaria. The founding meeting in Lower Bavaria failed, on April 10, 1893 an independent Lower Bavarian Farmers' Union was brought into being in Straubing . In the same year, the Upper Bavarian and the Swabian Federation of Farmers and Traders as well as the Franconian Farmers' Association were established . On March 2, 1895, the Bavarian Farmers' Union (BB) was founded in Regensburg , which the Upper Bavarian associations did not join until September 26, 1897. In 1901 Georg Eisenberger from Ruhpolding became the first chairman of the BB and remained so until 1930. Massive internal disputes culminated in 1910 in the fact that the majority of the members of the Franconian Farmers 'Union converted to the German Farmers' Union and in some cases to the BdL.

In 1912, in the Bavarian state elections, the Bavarian Farmers 'Union, the German Farmers' Union, the various liberal parties and the Bavarian Social Democrats took action against the Center Party .

After the November Revolution of 1918 (see also the Munich Soviet Republic ), the left wing of the BB around Karl Gandorfer pushed through a collaboration with the SPD and, at times, the USPD . From 1920 to 1930 the Bavarian Farmers Association formed a coalition with BVP and DNVP at state level and each provided the Minister of State for Agriculture . From March 31 to November 22, 1922, the party was briefly represented in the Reich government, in the Wirth II cabinet .

With related groups, the party joined forces from 1928 for the Reichstag elections to form the German Peasant Party , and from 1927 to 1933 it had joined forces with other medium-sized and small peasant organizations in an umbrella organization called the German Farmers' Union . However, because of the continued support of the Green Front , which was constituted in 1929 , the Bavarian Farmers' Union withdrew from this democratic peasant organization in 1930. The Reichstag members of the Bavarian Farmers' Union elected on the list of the German Peasant Party joined the CNBL faction .

In August 1930, the Bavarian Farmers' Union left the government coalition with the BVP because of the introduction of a slaughter tax in Bavaria .

After 1930 the Bavarian Farmers 'Union lost a large part of the electorate to the BVP and especially to the NSDAP , while the farmers' union leadership remained largely loyal to the republic until 1933. The farmers' union dissolved itself in April 1933 and recommended that its members join the NSDAP.

After the Second World War , former BB members took part in the founding of the CSU .

Most important politicians

  • Georg Eisenberger (1901–1930 first chairman, leader of the right wing)
  • Theodor Dirr (1919–1929 Vice Chairman; moderate wing; Mayor of Anhofen )
  • Karl Gandorfer (1919–1932 third chairman, leader of the left wing)
  • Johannes Wutzlhofer (1920–1923 Bavarian State Minister for Agriculture)
  • Anton Fehr (1924–1930 Bavarian State Minister for Agriculture and Labor).
  • Konrad Kübler (1884–1974), editor and publisher of the organ of the Bavarian farmers 'union "Landauer Volksblatt" in Landau / Isar, was a member of the Bavarian State Member of State in 1918/19 and a farmers' councilor in the council government. The National Socialists later imprisoned him. After 1945 he became a member of the CSU and was a member of the Bavarian State Parliament from 1946 to 1950 (2nd Vice President).

Members

  • 1896: 15,000
  • 1908: 14,000
  • 1914: 7000
  • 1921: approx. 50,000
  • 1924: approx. 35,000

Reichstag election results

  • Reichstag election 1893: 81,350 votes, 4 seats:
Benedikt Bachmeier , constituency Pfarrkirchen - Griesbach
Josef Bruckmaier , constituency Straubing - Vilshofen
Leonhard Hilpert , constituency Rothenburg ob der Tauber - Neustadt an der Aisch
Johann Baptist Sigl , constituency Kelheim - Rottenburg
  • Reichstag election 1898: 139,651 votes, 5 seats:
Benedikt Bachmeier , constituency Pfarrkirchen - Griesbach
Franz Xaver Eßlinger , constituency Straubing - Vilshofen
Leonhard Hilpert , constituency Rothenburg ob der Tauber - Neustadt an der Aisch
Josef Lanzinger , constituency Erding - Mühldorf
Georg Ratzinger , constituency Deggendorf - Regen
  • Reichstag election 1903: 100,228 votes, 3 seats:
Benedikt Bachmeier , constituency Pfarrkirchen - Griesbach
Leonhard Hilpert , constituency Rothenburg ob der Tauber - Neustadt an der Aisch
Matthäus Mittermeier , constituency Straubing - Vilshofen
  • Reichstag election 1907: 71,602 votes, 1 mandate:
Leonhard Hilpert , constituency Rothenburg ob der Tauber - Neustadt an der Aisch
  • Reichstag election 1912: 47,804 votes, 2 seats:
Benedikt Bachmeier , constituency Pfarrkirchen - Griesbach
Carl Laux , constituency Straubing - Vilshofen
  • Reichstag election in 1919: 275,127 votes, 4 seats
  • Reichstag election 1920: 218,596 votes, 4 seats
  • Reichstag election 1924 I: 168,996 votes, 3 seats
  • Reichstag election 1924 II: 296,321 votes, 6 seats

from 1928 German Peasant Party :

  • Reichstag election in 1928: 481,254 votes, 8 seats
  • Reichstag election 1930: 339,434 votes, 6 seats
  • Reichstag election 1932 I: 137,133 votes, 2 seats
  • Reichstag election 1932 II: 149,002 votes, 3 seats
  • Reichstag election in 1933: 114,077 votes, 2 seats

See also

literature

  • John Abbott: Peasants in the rural public. The Bavarian Bauernbund 1893–1933. Chicago, University of Illinois , Dissertation, 2000 (English; especially on attempts to promote anti-Semitism in the BB; not printed).
  • Hannsjörg Bergmann: The Bavarian Farmers 'Union and the Bavarian Christian Farmers' Association 1919–1928 (= series of publications on Bavarian national history. Vol. 81). CH Beck, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-406-10482-7 (at the same time: Regensburg, University, dissertation, 1982/1983).
  • Thomas Gräfe: Bavarian farmers' union. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Hostility to Jews in the past and present. Volume 5: Organizations, Institutions, Movements. de Gruyter et al., Berlin et al. 2012, ISBN 978-3-598-24078-2 , pp. 54-56.
  • Derek Hastings: Catholicism and the Roots of Nazism. Religious Identity and National Socialism. Oxford University Press, Oxford et al. 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-539024-7 .
  • Heinz Haushofer : The Bavarian Farmers' Union 1893-1933. In: Heinz Gollwitzer (Ed.): European peasant parties in the 20th century (= sources and research on agricultural history. Vol. 29). Fischer, Stuttgart et al. 1977, ISBN 3-437-50189-5 , pp. 562-586.
  • Anton Hochberger: The Bavarian Farmers' Union. 1893–1914 (= series of publications on Bavarian national history. Vol. 99). CH Beck, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-406-10680-3 .
  • Alois Hundhammer : History of the Bavarian Farmers' Union. Pfeiffer, Regensburg 1924, (at the same time: Munich, university, dissertation, 1923).
  • Johann Kirchinger: The peasant rebel. The life of the militant member of the state parliament Franz Wieland (1850–1901), economist in Hierlbach, Post Straubing. Pustet, Regensburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-7917-2271-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Primbs: Battle tax - Historical Dictionary of Bavaria. Retrieved June 21, 2019 .