Georg Ratzinger (politician)

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Georg Ratzinger, contemporary engraving

Georg Ratzinger ( pseudonyms : Robert Waldhausen , Gottfried Wolf , born April 3, 1844 in Rickering near Deggendorf; † December 3, 1899 in Munich ) was a German Roman Catholic clergyman, social reformer , publicist and politician of the Bavarian Patriot Party and the Bavarian Farmers' Union .

Life

Ratzinger attended grammar school in Passau from 1855 to 1863 (today's Leopoldinum grammar school ), studied Catholic theology in Munich from 1863 to 1867 and was ordained a priest in 1867 . In 1868 he obtained a doctorate in theology in Munich with a thesis on the “History of Church Poor Care”, which was honored as the processing of a prize question.

The social critic Georg Ratzinger worked - after a brief activity for his academic teacher Ignaz von Döllinger - in addition to his pastoral work as a parish priest, as well as a publicist and politician. From 1869 to 1870 he was a cooperator in Berchtesgaden , from 1870 to 1871 in Würzburg editor of the magazine "Fränkisches Volksblatt", then again from 1872 to 1874 chaplain in Landshut , then until 1876 in Munich editor of the magazine "Volksfreund", 1883 to 1884 Court chaplain of Duke Carl Theodor in Tegernsee , from 1884 to 1888 clergyman in Günzelhofen , then in Helfenberg near Mühldorf. He turned more and more to his work as a publishing scientist, after giving up his pastoral service also for a short time in Vienna, then in Munich.

For the Bavarian Patriot Party he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Bavarian State Parliament for the constituency of Tölz from 1875 to 1877 , and from 1877 to 1878 a member of the Reichstag for the constituency of Rosenheim. In 1893 and 1899 he was elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Bavarian State Parliament for the constituency of Regen, first as an independent member, then as a member of the Bavarian Farmers' Union, and again as an independent member from 1894. As such, he was again a member of the Reichstag for the constituency of Deggendorf from 1898 until his death.

He described himself as a "Reich enemy" and "clerical-social". He rejected Prussia's militaristic striving for great power. He was of the opinion that militarism rested mainly on the shoulders of the tax-paying workers and peasants and served the monopoly pursuit of big business. Looking ahead, he recognized as early as 1895 that the militaristic tendencies would lead to a world war. He only expected this fate to be averted from the reorganization of the state according to the principles of Catholic social teaching.

One of his most important writings was a study entitled The People's Economy in Their Moral Foundations. Ethical-social studies on culture and civilization. In order to avoid the profits of the middleman, he advocated the “partnership” of “labor and capital” and called for cooperative organizations in handicrafts and agriculture.

Georg Ratzinger is also credited with the two pseudonym published anti-Semitic writings listed below . Although Ratzinger's identity with the two author's pseudonyms cannot be proven on the basis of written certificates, it is considered secure in research on the basis of circumstantial evidence and is not questioned. Under the pseudonym “Dr. Robert Waldhausen ”, the book Jewish employment life was published in 1892 . Sketches from contemporary social life . B. means: "The emancipation of the Jews [...] could not help but have a destructive and corrosive effect on the entire Christian society." And in 1897 under the pseudonym "Dr. Gottfried Wolf “an anti-Semitic pamphlet with the title Judaism in Bavaria. Sketches from the past and suggestions for the future published. Also in other, not pseudonym published writings of Ratzinger, z. B. in Die Volkswirthschaft in its moral foundations , and in his parliamentary speeches one can find anti-Semitic statements and tendencies.

Ratzinger died on December 3, 1899 in the Munich hospital on the right of the Isar after repeated operations of a stomach ailment.

Georg Ratzinger was a great uncle of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI. and his older brother, the Roman Catholic priest and church musician Georg Ratzinger .

literature

  • Johann Kirchinger and Ernst Schütz (eds.): Georg Ratzinger (1844–1899). A life between politics, history and pastoral care. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2008, ISBN 978-3795420154 ( table of contents as PDF file )
  • Felix Dirsch: Solidarism and Social Ethics. Approaches to the reinterpretation of a modern current of Catholic social philosophy (= writings of the Institute for Christian Social Sciences of the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Volume 55), Lit, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3825896614
  • Karl Otmar von Aretin: Franckenstein. A political career between Bismarck and Ludwig II. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 978-3608942866
  • Olaf Blaschke : Catholicism and anti-Semitism in the German Empire (= critical studies on historical science . Volume 122). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1997, ISBN 3525357850 (On Georg Ratzinger's anti-Semitism et al. Pp. 74, 139f., 157 and 270, pseudonyms: Waldhausen ibid. P. 108, Wolf, ibid. P. 163)
  • Siegfried Brewka: Center and Social Democracy in the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies 1893–1914 (= European university publications . Series III: History and its auxiliary sciences, Volume 742), Peter Lang, Frankfurt / Main 1997.
  • Anton Hochberger: Dr. Georg Ratzinger. Priest, social theorist and politician (1844–1899). In: Winfried Becker / Werner Chrobak (ed.): State, culture, politics. Contributions to the history of Bavaria and Catholicism. Festschrift for Dieter Albrecht's 65th birthday. Laßleben, Kallmünz / Opf. 1992, pp. 249-256.
  • Anton Hochberger: The Bavarian Farmers' Union 1893–1914 (= series of publications on Bavarian regional history, Volume 99), Beck, Munich 1991.
  • Dieter Albrecht (Ed.): The minutes of the parliamentary group of the Bavarian Center Party 1893-1914. Volume 1: 1893–1899 (= series of publications on Bavarian national history, Volume 91), Munich 1989.
  • Rudolf Lill : The German Catholics and the Jews in the period from 1850 until Hitler came to power . In: Karl Heinrich Rengstorf and Siegfried von Kortzfleisch (eds.): Church and synagogue. Handbook on the history of Christians and Jews. Volume 2. dtv, Munich 1988, ISBN 3423044780 , pp. 370–420 (On Georg Ratzinger's anti-Semitism ibid. P. 389.)
  • Hannes Ludyga: Catholic anti-Semitism and criticism of modern society. Georg Ratzinger's attitude to Jews and Judaism . In: Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft, issue 10, 2012, pp. 793–812.
  • Alois Hundhammer: History of the Bavarian Farmers' Union. Munich 1924.
  • Ludwig Julius Fränkel:  Ratzinger, J. Georg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 53, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1907, pp. 215-218.
  • Manfred Hörner:  Ratzinger, Georg. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 7, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-048-4 , Sp. 1395-1397.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

Commons : Georg Ratzinger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ As early as 1907, Ludwig Fränkel was the first to claim that Ratzinger was identical to Waldhausen and Wolf in his Ratzinger article in the ADB, which is listed under literature . Providing circumstantial evidence for this: Michael Langer: Between prejudice and aggression. On the image of Jews in German-speaking Catholic popular education in the 19th century. Herder, Freiburg / Breisgau 1994, p. 402. Note 276. and in particular: Manfred Eder : “I have absolutely no aversion to the Jews as such”. Georg Ratzinger's attitude to Judaism. In: Johann Kirchinger and Ernst Schütz (eds.): Georg Ratzinger (1844–1899). A life between politics, history and pastoral care. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2008, pp. 221–289. P. 221f., Note 5, and P. 254, Note 177. Cf. on Ratzinger's anti-Semitism as a whole: Rudolf Lill: The German Catholics and the Jews in the period from 1850 until Hitler came to power. In: Karl Heinrich Rengstorf and Siegfried von Kortzfleisch (eds.): Church and synagogue. Handbook on the history of Christians and Jews. Volume 2, dtv, Munich 1988 (= dtv / Klett-Cotta. Volume 4478.) pp. 370-420. P. 389. Olaf Blaschke: Catholicism and anti-Semitism in the German Empire (= critical studies on historical science . Volume 122). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1997, pp. 74, 139f., 157 and 270. In detail and fundamentally, but above all Eders o. A. Essay.
  2. ↑ Cf. on this: Manfred Eder: "I have absolutely no aversion to the Jews as such". Georg Ratzinger's attitude to Judaism. In: Johann Kirchinger and Ernst Schütz (eds.): Georg Ratzinger (1844–1899). A life between politics, history and pastoral care. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2008, pp. 230-252.
  3. ^ Robert Waldhausen: Jewish working life. Sketches from contemporary social life. Abt, Passau 1892, p. 2. Note on downloading the book under web links .
  4. ↑ See the reference to the digitized version of the book under web links . Compare with: Manfred Eder: "I have no aversion to the Jews as such". Georg Ratzinger's attitude to Judaism. In: Johann Kirchinger and Ernst Schütz (eds.): Georg Ratzinger (1844–1899). A life between politics, history and pastoral care. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2008, pp. 256–265.
  5. ↑ Cf. Manfred Eder: "I have absolutely no aversion to the Jews as such". Georg Ratzinger's attitude to Judaism. In: Johann Kirchinger and Ernst Schütz (eds.): Georg Ratzinger (1844–1899). A life between politics, history and pastoral care. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2008, 252–256 and 266–277.
personal data
SURNAME Ratzinger, Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Waldhausen, Robert (pseudonym); Wolf, Gottfried (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Roman Catholic clergyman, social reformer, publicist and politician (BBB), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH April 3, 1844
PLACE OF BIRTH Rickering near Deggendorf
DATE OF DEATH December 3, 1899
Place of death Munich