Alois Hundhammer

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Alois Hundhammer (1963)

Alois Hundhammer (born  February 25, 1900 in Moos near Forstinning , Ebersberg district , †  August 1, 1974 in Munich ) was a German economist and politician ( Bavarian People's Party and CSU ).

In 1945 he was a co-founder of the CSU , in 1946 a member of the Bavarian State Constitutional Assembly and its most important body, the Constitutional Committee, from 1946 to 1970 a member of the Bavarian State Parliament , mostly for the Rosenheim constituency , from 1946 to 1951 as parliamentary group chairman , from 1951 to 1954 as state parliament president. Hundhammer was long-time chairman of the CSU district association of Upper Bavaria , from 1946 to 1950 Bavarian State Minister for Education and Culture in the first and second Ehard cabinet , from 1957 to 1969 Bavarian State Minister for Agriculture and Forests in the first and second cabinet Seidel , the fourth cabinet Ehard and the first and second cabinet Goppel . From 1964 to 1969 Hundhammer was Deputy Prime Minister of the Free State of Bavaria.

Hundhammer was a man of pronounced Catholic religiosity and moral rigor up to fundamentalist features. He was an avowed monarchist and Bavarian patriot and, with his extreme understanding of federalism , a fighter for Bavarian statehood. He was governor in Germany of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem .

family

Alois Hundhammer was the eldest son of Alois Hundhammer (1874–1945) and Maria Hundhammer, nee Grill (1873–1948). The farming family lived with 12 children in Moos near Forstinning (Upper Bavaria).

In 1923 he married Adelheid Hillenbrand (1899–1981); The marriage resulted in the children Richard (1927–2012), Wolfgang (* 1929), Rudolf (1934–2013) and Alois (* 1941).

education

Hundhammer's childhood was shaped by country life and Catholicism in a politically interested family. He attended the monastery school in Scheyern Abbey and then, at his own request and against the initial resistance of his father, the humanistic cathedral high school in Freising . After a brief military service in World War I , he studied philosophy , history , political science and economics at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich and for two semesters at the University of Budapest . In 1923 he received his doctorate in philosophy (Dr. phil.) With the work History of the Bavarian Farmers' Union and in 1925 with the work The Agricultural Professional Representation in Bavaria he received his doctorate in economics (Dr. oec. Publ.).

Politics until the end of the Weimar Republic

He began to be politically active at an early age, in 1919 he fought in a volunteer corps against the Spartakists who had proclaimed the Munich Soviet Republic after the murder of Kurt Eisner . From 1923 to 1927 Hundhammer was a consultant at the Upper Bavarian Chamber of Farmers , then until 1933 deputy general secretary of the Bavarian Christian Farmers' Association under Georg Heim , who strongly influenced Hundhammer. In 1932 he was elected as the youngest member of the Bavarian State Parliament as a member of the Berchtesgaden / Traunstein constituencies for the Bavarian People's Party (BVP) .

Equally an opponent of communism and National Socialism , he warned urgently against Hitler and the "brown threat" as a speaker at numerous events and in the state parliament as well as in his civic lectures that were published in print . Hundhammer was therefore arrested on June 21, 1933 by the Bavarian Political Police (later: Gestapo ) and initially imprisoned in the police headquarters in Munich's Ettstrasse. On June 29, he was transferred as a protective prisoner to the Dachau concentration camp, which had opened just three months earlier (March 22, 1933) .

Nazi era

Hundhammer was released on July 22, 1933 after an unusually long term of imprisonment for a so-called bourgeois inmate, probably through the mediation of influential church circles. After his imprisonment he was banned from working and speaking and was monitored by the Gestapo. In order to be able to secure the livelihood for his wife and children, he passed the specialist examination in the shoe trade and opened a shoe repair workshop in Munich's Sonnenstrasse in 1934 , which was followed by a second shop in Sendlinger Strasse in 1938. In these deals he kept in contact with former political companions. During the Nazi era, he was politically inactive. In 1939 Hundhammer was drafted into the Wehrmacht and served in the administration.

Post-war politics

As an American prisoner of war in Marseille after the end of the war, he made contacts with other politically interested prisoners and was already planning the reconstruction of Bavaria for the time after the war.

After his release in 1945 he founded the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) together with Karl Scharnagl , Josef Müller and Fritz Schäffer in Würzburg .

As a member of the Bavarian State Constitutional Assembly and its most important body, the Constitutional Committee, Hundhammer was one of the authoritative fathers of the Bavarian Constitution , and among other things, he wrote the preamble . In 1946 he was elected chairman of the CSU parliamentary group and remained so until 1951. The federalist Müller advocated religious tolerance, while Hundhammer and Schäffer belonged to the Catholic-Conservative-Old Bavarian wing. Müller and Hundhammer hindered each other. Hundhammer prevented Müller from being elected Prime Minister, who in turn managed to avert Hundhammer's election as party chairman. Hans Ehard , who did not belong to any of the hostile camps of the CSU, was elected Bavarian Prime Minister in 1946 at Hundhammer's proposal . Under his government, Hundhammer became Minister of State for Education and Culture until 1950.

In this position he not only made friends with his ultra-conservative attitude. In 1947 he enforced the reintroduction of corporal punishment for teachers in schools, which aroused sharp opposition from parts of the population. The excitement over the "Abraxas" scandal in 1948 was even greater: Hundhammer ended the performance of Werner Egk's revealing ballet at the Bavarian State Opera, despite the great success with the public, which was viewed by critics as censorship. In 1948 he introduced the scholarship for particularly talented students ("Hundhammer Scholarship") to promote talented students .

In addition, he pursued business ventures in the construction industry. At this time he was also chairman of the committee of inquiry into the so-called casino affair involving high - ranking members of the government of the coalition of four , as a result of which the Bavarian party was badly damaged and the way for the CSU to regain power was paved.

In 1951 Hundhammer became President of the Bavarian State Parliament and remained so until 1954.

Club and association activities

In 1945 Hundhammer founded the Catholic men's association Tuntenhausen on the initiative of the auxiliary bishop in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising Anton Scharnagl . He was the chairman of the conservative association until 1974 for almost 30 years.

After the state elections in 1954 , the CSU was ousted from the government by a coalition of four made up of the SPD , FDP , Bavarian Party and BHE . In the following years Hundhammer withdrew from the public a little and devoted himself increasingly to work in various Catholic associations. Hundhammer, who had been a member of the Catholic Bavarian student association KBStV Rhaetia Munich since 1950, was an honorary member of the KDStV Tuiskonia Munich in the CV and since 1952 a member of the scientific Catholic student association Unitas -Albertus-Magnus in Munich.

In 1957 he was appointed Knight of the Papal Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher by Cardinal Grand Master Nicola Cardinal Canali and invested in Munich on April 30, 1957 by Lorenz Jaeger , Grand Prior of the German Lieutenancy . He belonged to the Commandery of Munich. He was the Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order and, as the successor to Lorenz Höcker, from 1968 to 1971 governor of the German Lieutenancy of the Knightly Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem.

Alois Hundhammer and grandson (around 1970)

Return to the political stage

After the CSU re-established the government, Hundhammer was drawn back into active politics: from 1957 to 1969 he was Minister of Agriculture in the cabinets of Hanns Seidel , Hans Ehard and Alfons Goppel , under the latter also Deputy Prime Minister (1964–1969). He initiated the land consolidation , which should open the farmers better economic opportunities.

During this period he campaigned strongly for the establishment of the Dachau concentration camp memorial and opened it himself in 1965. Hundhammer was a staunch opponent of Franz Josef Strauss , but could not prevent his rise to the position of chairman of the CSU.

In 1969 he retired from politics for health reasons and resigned from government offices. In 1970 he also gave up the office of CSU district chairman of the CSU Upper Bavaria.

Hundhammer's grave is in the Grünwald forest cemetery .

Others

In 1971 he appeared in Kurt Wilhelm's TV comedy Olympia-Olympia alongside Beppo Brem , Joachim Fuchsberger and Helga Anders . Hundhammer's grandson, Florian Hundhammer (born 1969), is now an active member of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen .

Honors

as well as:

Works

  • History of the Bavarian Farmers' Union. Publishing house Dr. FA Pfeiffer & Co., Munich 1924.
  • The peasant union as a peasant class party. Central office of the Bavarian Christian farmers' associations, Regensburg 1925.
  • Come on, farmers! Publishing house of the General Secretariat of the Bavarian People's Party, Munich 1925.
  • The agricultural professional representation in Bavaria. Publishing house Dr. Franz A. Pfeiffer, Munich 1926.
  • Citizens' Lectures. Manz, Regensburg 1931.
  • The civic lectures by Alois Hundhammer from 1930 and 1931. Introduced and commented on by Oliver Braun (Source texts on Bavarian history 4), ed. by Karl-Ulrich Gelberg, Johannes Merz and Alois Schmid, Institute for Bavarian History Munich 2005.
  • My contribution to Bavarian politics 1945–1965. Historical-political series of publications by the New Press Club, issue 7, Munich 1965.

literature

  • Bernhard Zittel: Alois Hundhammer (1900–1974). In: Contemporary history in life pictures. Volume 5, ed. by Jürgen Aretz , Rudolf Morsey , Anton Rauscher , Mainz 1982, pp. 253-265.
  • Paul Hussarek: Hundhammer - way of the people and statesman. Munich 1950/51.
  • Oliver Braun: The political worldview of Alois Hundhammer (1900–1974). Master's thesis, Regensburg 2000.
  • Oliver Braun: A biographical project as a methodical hurdle run. Person and political worldview of the CSU politician Alois Hundhammer (1900–1974). In: Hannes Obermair , Carlo Romeo (Hrsg.): Biographien / Vite di provincia (= history and region / Storia e region . 11.1). StudienVerlag: Innsbruck-Wien-Munich-Bozen 2002. ISBN 3-7065-1731-0 , pp. 11–36.
  • Oliver Braun: Alois Hundhammer (1900–1974). Minister and President of the State Parliament in Bavaria. In: Günter letter , Brigitte Kaff, Hans-Otto Kleinmann (ed.): Christian democrats against Hitler. From persecution and resistance to the Union. Freiburg 2004, pp. 304-311.
  • Oliver Braun: Conservative existence in the modern age. Alois Hundhammer's (1900–1974) political worldview. Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-88795-312-6 .
  • Klaus Schönhoven : Political Catholicism in Bavaria under the Nazi rule 1933–1945. In: Martin Broszat , Hartmut Mehringer (Hrsg.): Bavaria in the Nazi era. Vol. V: The parties KPD, SPD, BVP in persecution and resistance. Munich-Vienna 1983, pp. 541-646.
  • Hilde Balke: The Presidents of the Bavarian State Parliament from 1946 to 1994. Ed. Bavarian State Parliament, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-927924-23-7 .

Web links

Commons : Alois Hundhammer  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b Werner K. Blessing : Hundhammer, Alois. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 379 ( digitized version ).
  2. Oliver Braun: Conservative Existence in the Modern Age. Catholic and conservative policymaking in Bavaria in the 20th century - the example of Alois Hundhammer. Hanns Seidel Foundation , March 14, 2007, p. 3 , archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2019 (original website no longer available).
  3. ↑ Obituary notice
  4. ^ Bavarian State Parliament - President: Alois Hundhammer ( Memento from October 2, 2003 in the Internet Archive )
  5. Oliver Braun: Conservative Existence in the Modern Age. Catholic and conservative policymaking in Bavaria in the 20th century - the example of Alois Hundhammer. Hanns Seidel Foundation , March 14, 2007, p. 7 , archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2019 (original website no longer available).
  6. Too much to ask? In: Der Spiegel . No. 28 , 1957, pp. 18-20 ( online ).
predecessor Office successor
Lorenz Höcker Croix de l Ordre du Saint-Sepulcre.svg Governor of the German Lieutenancy of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem
1968–1971
Hermann Josef Paragraph