Georg Heim

Georg Heim as a teacher (1906)

Georg Heim , called the peasant doctor , (born April 24, 1865 in Aschaffenburg , † August 17, 1938 in Würzburg ) was a Bavarian agricultural politician and leader of the Catholic peasant movement in Bavaria. He was a co-founder of the Bavarian People's Party (BVP) and spokesman for Bavarian separatism after the collapse of the German Empire.

Life and work

Georg Heim was born in Aschaffenburg in 1865. After graduating from high school in Würzburg , he studied New Languages and Economics from 1885 to 1889, initially for two semesters in Würzburg and then in Munich . In 1893 he was at Lujo Brentano for Dr. oec. publ. PhD ; in the same year he was transferred to Wunsiedel after public criticism of the ministry . From 1896 to 1906 he worked as a middle school teacher in Ansbach .

In 1900 he founded the central agricultural cooperative of the Bavarian farmers' associations based in Ansbach , and from 1907 in Regensburg , of which he was also the managing director. In addition to the typical business activities of an agricultural cooperative, it ran orphanages, clinics and educational institutions, including the farmers' university in Regensburg, which existed from 1907 to 1932.

Heim was the founder of the Bavarian country folk high school movement. In 1907 he began to give adult education courses in Regensburg as part of the agricultural cooperative system. These courses focused on long-term pedagogy and holistic education for the population, especially in the structurally weak region of Lower Bavaria-Upper Palatinate bordering Regensburg and in the hinterland around the Bavarian Forest . The Bavarian farmers 'associations united in 1898 under Heim to form the Bavarian farmers' association. On April 1, 1918, he founded the trade association of the agricultural corporations of Bavaria, including milling and malting , whose aim was to prevent the planned customs union with Austria-Hungary , in which Heim saw disadvantages for Bavarian agriculture. In 1920 Heim became president of the Bavarian Chamber of Farmers.

Heim published the Fuchsmühler Holzschlacht on October 30, 1894 in the Amberger Volkszeitung. As a member of the state parliament in 1904/05, he brought the timber dispute between Baron von Zoller and the timber lawyers to a peaceful settlement.

In Würzburg Heim joined the Adelphia fraternity as a student in 1894 , and in his third semester in Munich he became an active member of the KSSt.V. Alemannia Munich (in whose commemorative publication it is mentioned and illustrated in 1906 for the 25th anniversary of its founding) and later an honorary member of the KStV Erwinia, both in the KV , he was also a member of the Catholic Bavarian student association KBSt.V. Rhaetia . He gave up his membership in the Adelphia fraternity when it pointed out that it was not possible to be a member of the German fraternity and at the same time to belong to another association.

During and after the collapse of the Empire as a result of the war events in the autumn and winter of 1918, Heim took a strictly separatist stance - especially in numerous articles in the "Bayerischer Kurier". Bavaria should leave the German Empire and seek a merger with Vorarlberg , Tyrol , Salzburg and Upper Austria . During Kurt Eisner's brief reign, Heim attacked the Prime Minister several times with anti-Semitic undertones (which, among other things, provoked Max Weber's criticism ). The demand for the introduction of a department store tax, which z. B. was directed against Oscar Tietz and Georg Wertheim , served him as a means of anti-Jewish agitation . In 1901 he submitted an application in the Bavarian state parliament to restrict Jews in the judiciary " in relation to the Israelite population as a whole ". In addition, he drew the picture of an alleged “ Jewish press power ” and defined Jews as well as non-Jews in racial categories.

Heim's attitude to National Socialism has not yet been well researched. When the National Socialists came to power in Regensburg, house searches were carried out on June 21, 1933 among leading BVP officials, including the former Bavarian Prime Minister Heinrich Held and Georg Heim. On June 26th, all Regensburg BVP city councilors were taken into protective custody.

In 1934 Heim went into hiding in Sankt Ludwig. Allegedly the intention was to have him murdered in connection with the Röhm putsch , but there is no documentary evidence for this.

Political party

Heim was originally a member of the center . On November 12, 1918, after the beginning of the November Revolution , he was among the founders of the Bavarian People's Party (BVP), which initially took no full separation from the Center Party. Rather, the BVP aimed to strengthen the influence of Bavaria within the Center Party. At the same time, the power of Berlin in Bavaria should be pushed back. Heim explicitly advocated Bavaria's exit from the German Reich (“Los von Prussia” movement): “We are fed up with being ruled by Berlin for the future. We reject Prussian hegemony. Bayern den Bayern ”he is supposed to have said.

On January 9, 1920, at its Munich party congress, the BVP decided to detach its members in the National Assembly from the center group. At Heim's instigation, the BVP did not take part in the center's Berlin party congress that same year.

Heim also did not shy away from alliances with the Social Democrats and with this cooperation, massively supported by the member of the state parliament Heinrich Held, achieved a change in the unjust local electoral law for large cities in Bavaria and a drastic reduction in the civil rights fee to obtain the right to vote for the poor sections of the population. During his time in the Magistrate of Regensburg following the local elections, he cultivated a relationship of mutual respect with the then liberal mayor Otto Geßler .

In the long run - also due to the consolidation of the Weimar Republic - Heim found itself in an outsider position. In 1925 he was voted out of office after internal disputes.

MP

Heim belonged to the municipal council until 1907 and to the magistrate of Regensburg until 1911 . From 1897 to 1911 he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies in the Kingdom of Bavaria and from 1918 to 1928 Member of the State Parliament in the Free State of Bavaria . He was a member of the Reichstag of the German Empire from 1897 to 1912 for the constituency of Upper Palatinate 5 ( Neustadt an der Waldnaab ). In 1919/20 he was a member of the Weimar National Assembly . In contrast to the majority of the central faction, he did not vote on June 22, 1919 to sign the Versailles Treaty , but abstained. Then he was again a member of the Reichstag until May 1924 .

Honors

Named after Heim are the Dr.-Heim-Strasse in the mountain town of Auerbach / OPf , in Hemau , Neumarkt and in Pocking , the Dr.-Georg-Heim-Strasse in Bad Kissingen and the Dr.-Georg-Heim-Allee in Landshut .

Quote

We (note: the Bavarians) already had a culture when the wild boars in the Mark Brandenburg were still shaking their asses on the spruce trees.

literature

Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Sub-Volume 2: F-H. Winter, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-8253-0809-X , pp. 276-277.
Hermann Renner: Georg Heim as an agricultural politician until the end of the First World War . Dissertation, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 1957
Hermann Renner: Georg Heim, the farmer's doctor. Life picture of an "uncrowned king" . Munich 1960
Hermann Renner: Home, Georg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 267 f. ( Digitized version ).
Alfred Wolfsteiner: Georg Heim. Farmer General and Cooperative , Pustet, Regensburg 2014.

Web links

Commons : Georg Heim - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Literature by and about Georg Heim in the catalog of the German National Library
Georg Heim in the database of members of the Reichstag
Works by Georg Heim in the Gutenberg-DE project
Georg Heim's biography . In: Heinrich Best : database of the members of the Reichstag of the Empire 1867/71 to 1918 (Biorab - Kaiserreich)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Alois Schmid (Ed.): Handbook of Bavarian History . founded by Max Spindler. 2nd completely revised edition. tape 4 . The new Bavaria. From 1800 to the present. First part of the volume. State and politics. Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-50451-5 , p. 355 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
↑ Oliver Braun: Bayerischer Christian Bauernverein, 1898-1933. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria. February 28, 2012, accessed October 23, 2013 .
^ Max Weber: Letters 1918–1920 ( Max Weber Complete Edition II / 10, 1), 304 [letter to Else Jaffé dated November 15, 1918; see the editors' explanations there).
↑ Hannes Ludyga: " Georg Heim ." In: Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Hostility to Jews in the past and present. Volume 2/1, Berlin 2009, p. 346 f.
↑ Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 222 .
^ Alfred Wendehorst: The Diocese of Würzburg 1803-1957 . Würzburg 1965, p. 96.
↑ Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 176 .
^ Carl-Wilhelm Reibel: Handbook of the Reichstag elections 1890-1918. Alliances, results, candidates (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 15). Half volume 2, Droste, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-7700-5284-4 , pp. 1041-1044.

personal data
SURNAME	Home, Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German politician (BVP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH	April 24, 1865
PLACE OF BIRTH	Aschaffenburg
DATE OF DEATH	August 17, 1938
Place of death	Wurzburg

[Handbuch-1] Alois Schmid (Ed.): Handbook of Bavarian History . founded by Max Spindler. 2nd completely revised edition. tape 4 . The new Bavaria. From 1800 to the present. First part of the volume. State and politics. Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-50451-5 , p. 355 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

[HLB-2] Oliver Braun: Bayerischer Christian Bauernverein, 1898-1933. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria. February 28, 2012, accessed October 23, 2013 .

[3] Max Weber: Letters 1918–1920 ( Max Weber Complete Edition II / 10, 1), 304 [letter to Else Jaffé dated November 15, 1918; see the editors' explanations there).

[4] Hannes Ludyga: " Georg Heim ." In: Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Hostility to Jews in the past and present. Volume 2/1, Berlin 2009, p. 346 f.

[5] Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 222 .

[6] Alfred Wendehorst: The Diocese of Würzburg 1803-1957 . Würzburg 1965, p. 96.

[Alb-7] Dieter Albrecht: Regensburg im Wandel, studies on the history of the city in the 19th and 20th centuries . In: Museums and Archives of the City of Regensburg (Hrsg.): Studies and sources on the history of Regensburg . tape 2 . Mittelbayerische Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1984, ISBN 3-921114-11-X , p. 176 .

[8] Carl-Wilhelm Reibel: Handbook of the Reichstag elections 1890-1918. Alliances, results, candidates (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 15). Half volume 2, Droste, Düsseldorf 2007, ISBN 978-3-7700-5284-4 , pp. 1041-1044.