Lujo Brentano

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Lujo Brentano, 1890
Lujo Brentano, 1927

Ludwig Joseph "Lujo" Brentano (born December 19, 1844 in Aschaffenburg , † September 9, 1931 in Munich ) was a German economist and social reformer .

Life

Lujo Brentano was born into the prominent, Italian-born Catholic intellectual family Brentano: his father's siblings Christian Brentano were the writers Clemens Brentano and Bettina von Arnim , his older brother the philosopher and psychologist Franz Brentano .

After attending grammar school in Augsburg and Aschaffenburg , Brentano studied at the universities of Dublin , Münster , Munich , Heidelberg ( Dr. iur. , 1866), Würzburg , Göttingen ( Dr. phil , 1867) and Berlin ( habilitation in political science , 1871) . During his studies he became a member of the AGV Munich in the special houses association . He was a professor at the universities of Breslau (1872–1882), Strasbourg (1882–1888), Vienna (1888–1889), Leipzig (1889–1891) and, most recently, Munich (1891–1916). In 1874 he married Valeska Erbreich (born January 13, 1851, † October 28, 1918). They had a daughter, Sophie, called Sissi (1874–1956). In the following years he enters into a bond with Irene Forbes-Mosse ; the couple lives mostly in their villa in Prien am Chiemsee .

Brentano was a " Kathedersozialist " - d. H. Reformist and representative of a “Third Way”, founding member of the Association for Social Policy and an important representative of the historical school . Nonetheless, he began to make use of formal methods.

In his writings he justified, among other things, why the unions and their means of industrial action are a constitutive element of the market economy; only they would make the pressure to supply under which wage laborers are more elastic. In contrast to other “Kathedersozialisten”, Brentano relied less on the state as a protective instance for the workers, but above all on the principle of equal rights between the labor market parties when concluding collective agreements; in this sense he can be understood as a former “ social liberal ”.

From 1898 onwards, Brentano published articles on social and economic policy at irregular intervals in Theodor Barth's magazine Die Nation and, from 1901, also in Friedrich Naumann's weekly newspaper Die Hilfe . Although he did not join any political party at first, Brentano exercised a significant influence on the social and economic policy of Barth's Free Sector Association and Naumann's National Social Association through his publications, personal correspondence and appearances as a guest speaker at party conferences . Together with Gerhart von Schulze-Gaevernitz , he also played a decisive role in the accession of the National Socialists to the Liberal Association; both joined the party after the successful merger in 1903.

In 1914 Brentano was one of the signatories of the Manifesto of 93 , but later distanced himself from it with the argument that he did not know the text. Lujo Brentano died on September 9, 1931 in Munich, but was buried at his own request in the Brentano's burial place in the old town cemetery in Aschaffenburg.

Aftermath

His influence on the social market economy and also personally on the leading politicians of the founding phase of the Federal Republic of Germany ( Theodor Heuss was his student and doctoral candidate) can hardly be overestimated. One of his students, the Japanese Fukuda Tokuzō (family name Fukuda, 1874–1930, from 1898 three-year stay in Germany, later professor at the Tōkyō Commercial College, today's renowned Hitotsubashi University, as well as at the Keiō gijuku University) brought parts of his teaching to Japan opposed the influence of Marxism in the emerging social sciences and in this context afforded a famous theoretical debate with Kawakami Hajime on the nature of capitalism. Brentano's influence lies more in his role as a teacher and social reformer than as an economist. His autobiography (1931, see below), written in old age, is perhaps his most important work.

Others

On his seventieth birthday (1914) he received a commemorative publication. On his eightieth birthday, his student Joseph Eßlen dedicated the textbook Politics of Foreign Trade (1925) to him. In 1928 he was awarded the Bavarian Maximilian Order.

Works (selection)

  • The workers' guilds of the present. 2 vols. (Leipzig 1871 and 1872): Duncker & Humblot; New edition (Boston 2002): Adamant.
  • The 'scientific' achievement of Mr. Ludwig Bamberger. A sequel to my 'workers' guilds of the present . Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1873. (Digitized edition under: urn : nbn: de: s2w-7194 ).
  • Workers' insurance according to today's economic system. (Leipzig 1879): Duncker & Humblot.
  • My polemics with Karl Marx . At the same time a contribution to the question of the progress of the working class and its causes. (Berlin 1890): Walther & Apolant ; New edition (London 1976): Slienger.
  • Work settings and further training of the employment contract. (Leipzig 1890): Duncker & Humblot.
  • Ethics and Economics in History. (Munich 1901): Wolf; New edition (Paderborn 2011): Salt water.
  • Attempt a theory of needs. (Munich 1908): Bavarian Academy of Sciences; New edition (Saarbrücken 2006): Müller.
  • How to study economics. (Munich 1919): Reinhardt.
  • The originators of the world war. (Munich 1922, 2nd edition): Drei Masken Verlag. ( urn : nbn: de: hebis: 30: 2-229080 ).
  • The economic man in history. (Leipzig 1923): Meiner (digitized edition under: urn : nbn: de: s2w-12009 ); New edition published and introduced by Richard Bräu and Hans G. Nutzinger (Marburg 2008): Metropolis.
  • Concrete conditions of the national economy. (Leipzig 1924): Mine; New edition published by Hans G. Nutzinger (Marburg 2003): Metropolis.
  • The economic life of the ancient world. (Jena 1929): Fischer. (Digitized edition at: urn : nbn: de: s2w-12011 ).
  • My life in the struggle for the social development of Germany. (Jena 1931): Diederichs; New edition published by Richard Bräu and Hans G. Nutzinger (Marburg 2004): Metropolis.
  • The active man and the science of the economy. Writings on economics and social policy (1877–1924). edited and introduced by Richard Bräu and Hans G. Nutzinger (Marburg 2006): Metropolis.

literature

Web links

Commons : Lujo Brentano  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ He received the first name Ludwig Joseph after the two godparents Ludwig (called Louis) Brentano, a cousin, and Joseph Merkel. Ludwig Joseph is also on his Abitur certificate. The information from Brentano: Mein Leben , p. 18 (new edition, p. 55) is incorrect; He was not born on December 18th, but on December 19th, 1844 and was baptized on the 20th in the Church of Our Lady in Aschaffenburg, although he always celebrated his birthday on December 18th.
  2. ↑ Otto Grübel, Special Houses Association of German Student Choral Societies (SV): Cartel address book. As of March 1, 1914. Munich 1914, p. 73.
  3. ↑ Armin Strohmeyr: The women of the Brentanos (Berlin 2006, p. 287ff.).
  4. ↑ Cf. Collection of Sources for the History of German Social Policy 1867 to 1914 , Section I: From the Founding of the Reich to the Imperial Social Message (1867–1881) , Volume 8: Basic Issues of Social Policy in Public Discussion: Churches, Parties, Clubs and Associations , edited by Ralf Stremmel, Florian Tennstedt and Gisela Fleckenstein, Darmstadt 2006, pp. 232–238, 246–249, 252 f., 255, 257 f., 260 f., 264, 276, 287, 292–294, 296, 302–322, 326–329, 332, 336, 342, 344, 347, 349, 358 f., 361, 363–369, 374, 377, 387, 389, 395–400, 405, 408–413, 417– 419, 421-423, 428, 430-437, 445-448, 451,454 f., 457, 460, 462-464, 472.
  5. ↑ Konstanze Wegner : Theodor Barth and the Freethinking Association. Studies on the history of left-wing liberalism in Wilhelmine Germany. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 1968, DNB 458590355 , p. 12, 92f.
  6. ↑ online .
  7. ↑ online at Archive.org .
  8. ↑ online at Archive.org .
  9. ↑ online .
personal data
SURNAME Brentano, Lujo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brentano, Ludwig Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German economist and social reformer
DATE OF BIRTH December 19, 1844
PLACE OF BIRTH Aschaffenburg
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 1931
Place of death Munich