Scheyern Monastery

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Benedictine abbey Scheyern monastery with free altar
View with the cloister gate and bell tower
Free altar

The Scheyern Monastery , correctly named Bayrischzell-Fischbachau-Petersberg / Eisenhofen-Scheyern Monastery , is a Benedictine abbey (Abbey of the Assumption of Mary and the Holy Cross ) in Scheyern in Upper Bavaria . It is located in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising and belongs to the Bavarian Benedictine Congregation .

history

View from the nave to the sanctuary of the basilica

The history of the monastery begins in today's Bayrischzell . Countess Haziga , later wife of Count Otto I von Scheyern , and her first husband, Count Hermann von Kastl, cleared areas there and supported the establishment of a monk's cell in 1077. The cell was made by monks from Hirsau Monastery, which was oriented towards the cluniac church reform movement Settled in the Black Forest and moved to nearby Fischbachau in 1087 , which Haziga had exchanged from the Freising Bishop. In 1095 the cell in Fischbachau was confirmed papally. The increasing lack of space and the lack of opportunities to acquire property to secure a livelihood led to the move to the Petersberg near Dachau between 1102 and 1107 , where Haziga, her sons Bernhard, Ekkehard and Otto as well as Count Berthold von Burgeck generously handed over properties to the monastery .

In 1102 the monastery was elevated to an abbey and placed under papal protection. That meant the right to freely elect an abbot and actually also the freedom of bailiff. However, from 1107 Otto von Scheyern acted as the monastery’s sole guardian , thereby exerting a significant influence on the internal affairs of the abbey.

After Scheyern the monks moved in 1119 after Count Otto IV, Count of Scheyern as the new Earl of Wittelsbach in the Wittelsbach Castle moved and give them the now unused Burg Scheyern as his Kloster diagnosed with grave lay and had assigned. The decisive factors for the move from Petersberg near Eisenhofen to Scheyern were the better natural conditions for management of the monastery, including the establishment of an own brewery , and the wish of the Count von Scheyern for a house monastery in an area in which he had a stronger position held than in the area around Eisenhofen.

Again, the founding dynasty (in addition to their old ancestral castle) donated considerable goods to their house monastery, which served as a family grave until 1252. The Wittelsbach influence only declined noticeably with the granting of lower jurisdiction by Ludwig the Bavarian in 1315 and the associated end of bailiff's rule.

In the 13th century the monastery was known for its painting school and scriptorium . On November 15, 1802, the monastery came under sovereign administration, on March 21, 1803 it was abolished in the course of secularization . The buildings were sold and changed hands several times in a short time. On September 20, 1838, the monastery was rebuilt by King Ludwig I of Bavaria as a provost's office and on March 18, 1842 it was elevated to an abbey . From 1876 to 1878 the collegiate and parish church of the Holy Cross and the Assumption of the Virgin Mary was re- Romanized.

During the Second World War, the library and materials of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae were kept in the monastery . After the Second World War, the six-year-old pro-grammar school of the monastery seminary , which had been operated under the Nazi persecution of the church from the 19th century until it was abolished, was expanded into a humanistic grammar school and transferred to the Schyren grammar school in Pfaffenhofen in 1970 . Today the seminar continues as a dormitory for the State Vocational School (BOS), which opened in 1976 .

There are currently 12 Benedictine monks living in the abbey. Thus the Scheyern convent is one of the smaller Benedictine convents in Bavaria.

and display information about the image
Panorama monastery view
Engraving from the Topographia Germaniae by Matthaeus Merian around 1644

Scheyr Cross

The Heiligkreuzkapelle of the monastery church Heilig Kreuz und Mariä Himmelfahrt has been holding a relic of the Holy Cross since 1180, which is kept in a reliquary and is called the Scheyr Cross . The Patriarch Fulcherius (Fulko) of Jerusalem (1146–1157) had sent a canon named Conrad with a cross particle to Europe to collect alms for the maintenance of the holy places. The Dachau Counts took the relic into their possession in 1156 and kept it hidden. The Holy Cross came to Scheyern with the corpse of the last of her family, Konrad III., Where it has been venerated as a precious treasure ever since. The Scheyerer cross relic is based on the shape of the Byzantine patriarchal cross ; that explains the two crossbeams. The upper bar symbolizes the inscription on the cross that was shown during the veneration of the cross in Jerusalem.

Two special pilgrimage services take place every year at the two festivals of the Finding of the Cross (May 3rd) and Exaltation of the Cross (September 14th). The pilgrimage service for the finding of the cross is always celebrated on the first Sunday in May, for the exaltation of the cross on September 14th or on the Sunday closest to this day. Both services take place outdoors in good weather in the cloister courtyard, followed by a reliquary procession and the laying on of the cross.

organ

The main organ built in 1979 by Georg Jann (today: Thomas Jann Orgelbau ) replaced a previous instrument from 1907. It has 2526 pipes, a free-standing console, 39 sounding registers , 46 stops, a purely mechanical tone action, grinding windchest, electropneumatic stop action and 5 mechanical setting combinations. The organ was built into a neo-baroque main housing, which was changed in its external form. The Rückpositiv was designed in connection with the redesign of the gallery parapet by the architect Schedl.

Bells

Big Sacred Heart bell of the former cast steel bell

Until May 2009 at the tower of the abbey church tolled five cast steel bells of the Bochum Association in 1947, so-called secondary - percussive bells . The strikes of the church bells are g 0 , b 0 , des 1 , e 1 and g 1 . The large Sacred Heart Bell is the largest cast steel bell in Bavaria with a diameter of 237.8 centimeters and hangs rigidly in a steel beam near the church. The second-strike bells from a series of experiments by the Bochumer Verein are regarded as faulty sound constructions. In addition, the technical condition was poor and the cost of renovation was disproportionately high, so the decision was made to have a completely new bronze bell.

The two bronze bells (cast in 1816 and 1921) were put back into operation, as was the small Christ bell, cast in Maria Laach in 2004 , which was offered to the monastery. In 2009, Rudolf Perner from Passau added eleven bells to the ringing to form a 14-part ensemble weighing around 24 tons. It is divided into three groups: the bulk of bells (bell 1-4) in the upper bell chamber, the main bells (bell 5-10) and the Zimbelgeläut (bell 10-14) together in the lower bell chamber. All bells and yokes are made of wood, the bell drive is electric. The large Christ-Salvator-Bell with its strike tone e 0 forms the basis for the deepest bells in Bavaria and one of the deepest and most extensive bells in Germany. On Sunday, June 28th, 2009, the bells were consecrated and officially put into operation on the Holy Cross Festival .

According to the provisional chime , the Holy Cross bell for the Angel of the Lord should ring three times a day, at 5:30 a.m., 12:00 p.m. and 7:40 p.m. , followed by the St.Joseph bell every evening to commemorate the deceased. Outside of Holy Week, the Marienglocke reminds of the fear of death on Thursday evenings after the evening bell and on Fridays at 3 p.m. of the hour of Christ's death. The clock sounds over the bells 8, 6 (quarter hours) and 2 (full hours). The bell rings at 3 p.m. on the day before Sunday and public holidays.

No.
 		 Surname
 		 Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 )		 Mass
(kg) 		 Ø
(mm) 		 Casting year
 		 Foundry, casting location
 		 Inscriptions
 
1 Christ Salvator e 0 +4 10100 2520 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Flank: CHRIST SALVATOR / MERCY / YOU OUR . Wolm: SAVE US CHRIST SAVIOR BY THE POWER OF THE CROSS
2 Maria g sharp 0 +4 4840 1910 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Flank: MARIA ADOPTED / INTO HEAVEN / PRAY FOR US . Wolm: MY SOUL PRAISE THE LORD'S GREATNESS
3 Benedictus h 0 +6 3340 1670 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Flank: HL. BENEDICT / PLEASE / FOR US . Wolm: HEAR MY SON ON THE MASTER'S INSTRUCTION
4th Holy Cross (Angelus Bell) c sharp 1 +4 2253 1478 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Flank: HL. CROSS / BE US / HELLO . Wolm: WE PROCLAIM CHRIST AS THE CRUCIFIED
5 Martinus and Korbinian f sharp 1 +3 710 1075 1816 Johann Spannagl, Landsberg Wolm: SS.MARTINE ET CORBINIANE / ORATE PRO NOBIS
6th Mary Magdalene g sharp 1 +4 659 990 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Flank: HL. MARIA MAGDALENA / PLEASE FOR US . Wolm: HE IS REALLY RISEN - HALLELUJA
7th Joseph (death bell) ais 1 +6 370 860 1921 Georg Wolfart, Lauingen Shoulder: SANCTE JOSEF, ORA PRO NOBIS
8th John the Baptist h 1 +6 525 880 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Flank: HL. JOHN / THE BAPTIST / PRAY FOR US . Wolm: A VOICE CALLS: PREPARE THE WAY FOR THE LORD
9 Guardian Angel c sharp 2 +4 427 817 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Flank: IN THE FACE / THE ANGEL / I WANT TO SING YOUR PRAISE . Wolm: HOLY GUARDIAN ANGEL PROTECT US
10 Matthew e 2 +6 237 673 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Wolm: HL. MATTHEW PLEASE FOR US
11 Markus f sharp 2 +4 161 595 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Wolm: HL. MARK PLEASE FOR US
12 Christ ( Heart of Jesus ) g sharp 2 +3 95 609 2004 Bell foundry of the art workshops Maria Laach Shoulder, two lines: COME TO ME ALL YOU ARE TROUBLED AND LOADED / I WANT TO REFRESH YOU . Wolm: CHRIST BELL
13 Luke a 2 +4 88 493 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Wolm: HL. LUKAS PLEASE FOR US
14th John h 2 +5 79 470 2009 Rudolf Perner, Passau Wolm: HL. JOHN PLEASE FOR US

Wittelsbach family grave

Wittelsbacher tomb

The first and oldest burial place of the Wittelsbach family is located in the choir chapel of the monastery, the former Johanneskirche of the castle. It has been redesigned several times over the centuries, the last time as a single high grave in 1967/69 (with the grave slab from the beginning of the 17th century). The following members of the dynasty are buried here:

Abbots

source

  1. Erchimbold, 1102-1111
  2. Bruno, 1111-1127
  3. Ulrich I., 1127-1128
  4. Ulrich II., 1128-1130
  5. Marquard, 1130-1131
  6. Gozzold, 1131-1135
  7. Ulrich III., 1135-1160
  8. Eberhard, 1160-1171
  9. Waldemar, 1171-1203
  10. Hartmann, 1203-1206
  11. Conrad I. von Luppburg, 1206-1225
  12. Heinrich, 1225–1259
  13. Rudolf, 1260
  14. Ludwig von Greifsbach, 1260–1273, received the pontificals in 1260
  15. Arnold, 1273-1281
  16. Friedrich, 1281-1291
  17. Ulrich IV. Perchtinger, 1291-1311
  18. Conrad II. Perger, 1311-1323
  19. Udalschalk, 1323
  20. Ulrich V. Leutzenauer, 1324-1330
  21. Conrad III. Leutzenauer, 1330-1348
  22. Wolfgang Larspeck, 1346-1353
  23. Ulrich VI. Merspeck, 1353-1376
  24. Ulrich VII. Minnerspeck, 1377-1400
  25. Conrad IV. Murer, 1401-1412
  26. Conrad V. Tegernpeck, 1412-1421
  27. Ludwig Walch, 1421-1427
  28. Conrad VI. Weickmann, 1427-1436
  29. Johann I. Tegernpeck, 1436-1449
  30. Wilhelm Kienperger, 1449–1467
  31. Georg I. Spörl, 1467–1489
  32. Paulus Preu, 1489–1505
  33. Johann II. Turbeyt, 1505-1535
  34. Andreas Gaishofer, 1535–1547
  35. Johann III. Chrysostomos Hirschböck, 1548–1558
  36. Georg II. Neupöck, 1558–1574
  37. Benedict Prummer, 1574-1610
  38. Stephan Reitberger, 1610–1634
  39. Corbinian Riegg, 1634-1658
  40. Gregor Kimpfler, 1658–1693
  41. Celestine Baumann, 1693-1708
  42. Benedict II. Meyding, 1708-1722
  43. Maximilian Rest, 1722-1734
  44. Placidus Forster, 1734-1757
  45. Joachim Herpfer, 1757–1771
  46. Thaddäus Ried, 1771-1775
  47. Michael Grilmayr, 1775-1793
  48. Martin Jelmiller, 1793–1803, † 1807
  49. Rupert I. Leiß (Leis), 1838–1872
  50. Rupert II. Mutzl, 1872-1896
  51. Rupert III. Metzenleitner, 1896-1922
  52. Simon Konrad Landersdorfer , 1922–1936 (1936–1968 Bishop of Passau )
  53. Franz Seraph Schreyer, 1936–1961
  54. Johannes Maria Hoeck , 1961–1972 (1951–1961 abbot in Ettal ) and brother of Prelate Michael Höck
  55. Bernhard Maria Lambert from Steenbrugge (Belgium), 1972-2001
  56. Engelbert Baumeister, 2001-2008
  57. Markus Eller , since 2008

See also

literature

  • Johannes Damrich: An artist trefoil of the XIII. Century in the Scheyern monastery. JHE Heitz, Strasbourg, 1904
  • Schyernplatz 1: Scheyern Benedictine Abbey. In: Jolanda Drexler-Herold, Angelika Wegener-Hüssen: Landkreis Pfaffenhofen ad Ilm (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume I.19 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-87490-570-5 , p. 258-277 .
  • Lukas Wirth OSB (Ed.): Scheyern Monastery. 900 years of Benedictines at the headquarters of the Wittelsbach family , Pustet, Regensburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-7917-3037-0 .

Web links

Commons : Scheyern Abbey  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Ute Mauch: Scheyern and the beginnings of Wittelsbach's early history of the Bayrischzell-Fischbachau-Petersberg-Scheyern monastery up to the relocation to the family castle of the Counts of Scheyern around the year 1119. In: Würzburger medizinhistorische Mitteilungen 23, 2004, pp. 535-538; here: p. 535.
  2. ^ Pankraz Fried : On the early history of the Wittelsbach family and the Scheyern monastery. In: Toni Grad (Ed.): The Wittelsbacher in the Aichacher Land. Commemorative publication of the city of Aichach and the district of Aichach-Friedberg on the 800th anniversary of the Wittelsbach house (= series of publications by the Aichach local history museum. No. 3, ZDB -ID 186914-0 ). Mayer, Aichach 1980, pp. 13-33.
  3. ↑ http://www.kloster-scheyern.de/klosterbetriebe/klosterbrauerei.html
  4. ↑ Andreas Otto Weber: Design of the landscape through rule. Scheyern. In: Journal for Bavarian State History. Vol. 57, Issue 3, 1994, ISSN  0044-2364 , pp. 642-660.
  5. ^ Anselm Reichhold: The Scheyern monastery as landlord in the Hofmark Scheyern (Part II). From the foundation of the monastery around 1100 to the secularization in 1803. In: Studies and communications on the history of the Benedictine order and its branches . Vol. 107, Issue 2, 1996, ISSN  0303-4224 , pp. 339-395, here p. 355.
  6. ↑ Festschrift for the 25th anniversary of the Jann organ
  7. ^ Abbey Church of the Holy Cross in Scheyern (PAF): Old full bells (May 17, 2009).
  8. ↑ Website of the abbey
  9. ↑ Abbey Church of the Holy Cross in Scheyern (PAF): Full ringing of all 14 bells.
  10. ↑ Heilig Kreuz Abbey Church in Scheyern: Large Salve Regina motif (e 0 –gis 0 –h 0 –cis 1 ) (September 13, 2009)
  11. ↑ Translation: Saints Martin and Korbinian, pray for us!
  12. ↑ Translation: Saint Joseph, pray for us!
  13. ↑ Michael Hartig: Die Oberbayerischen Stifts , Volume I: The Benedictine, Cistercian and Augustinian canons . Publisher vorm. G. J. Manz, Munich 1935, DNB 560552157 , p. 56 f.
  14. ↑ Abbots and important conventuals. In: Lukas Wirth OSB (Ed.): Scheyern Monastery: 900 years of Benedictines at the Wittelsbacher headquarters , Pustet, Regensburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-7917-3037-0 , pp. 671-714
  15. ^ "Report on Markus Eller's ordination as 57th Abbot of Scheyern" , Order online, September 3, 2008

Coordinates: 48 ° 30 ′ 5 ″  N , 11 ° 27 ′ 10 ″  E