Andechs Monastery

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Andechs Monastery (view from the south)
Pilgrimage church
Andechs Monastery (view from the east)

The Andechs Monastery is now part of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Bonifaz in Munich and Andechs in the Diocese of Augsburg . The Benedictine monks on the "Holy Mountain of Bavaria" look after one of the oldest pilgrimages in Bavaria and finance the scientific, cultural and social commitment of the Abbey of Munich and Andechs with their businesses. The Abbey’s largest business enterprise is the Andechs monastery brewery. Today it is the largest of only a few authentic monastery breweries in Germany that is run independently by an existing religious order. Brewing and bottling is only done on site in Andechs.

The monastery was built on the site of Andechs Castle , the ancestral seat of the Counts of Andechs , who died out directly in 1248. In 1455 a Benedictine monastery was established here by Duke Albrecht III. Founded by Bavaria-Munich to take up an important reliquary that was found here in 1388. The church, built between 1423 and 1427 and redesigned in rococo style by Johann Baptist Zimmermann from 1751, was built as a pilgrimage church. The "Holy Mountain" Andechs is the second largest pilgrimage site in Bavaria after Altötting .

The Bräustüberl of the monastery is a magnet for tourists and locals thanks to its kitchen and the beer ( Andechser ) from the monastery brewery.

history

Andechs Castle

View of the monastery at Merian in 1665 as it was before the fire in 1669
View of the monastery after the fire from Anton Wilhelm Ertl's "Churbaier Atlas", 1687
Andechs Monastery, 1950s

The name Andehse was first mentioned in a document in 1080 . Around 1132 a branch of the Counts of Dießen moved their family seat to the hilltop castle Andechs and named themselves after her. In 1176 St. Hedwig (1176–1243) was probably born on Andechs as the daughter of Count Berthold IV . In 1186 Hedwig married Heinrich I at Andechs Castle .

In 1208, the current dukes of Andechs-Meranien came under suspicion of having participated in the murder of Philip II of Swabia , which is why Andechs Castle was destroyed. Only in the years 1211 and 1220 were the Counts of Andechs-Meranien rehabilitated. With the death of Otto II in 1248, the family of the Counts of Andechs died out, their possessions were taken over by the Wittelsbach family and Andechs Castle was destroyed.

Andechs Monastery

Reliquary discovery and the beginning of the pilgrimage

Pilgrimage Church of St. Nicholas and St. Elisabeth, Andechs
Andechs Monastery in 1964 after the fire ⊙
View from the tower (around 1968) ⊙
Andechs Monastery. View of the enclosure built between 1670 and 1674
Interior of the pilgrimage church, which was redesigned between 1751 and 1755
Model of the Andechs monastery complex
Painful chapel in the Andechs pilgrimage church
Wall plaque at the grave of Carl Orff in the Andechs monastery church

On May 26, 1388, an important reliquary was discovered in a hiding place under the altar of the former castle chapel and regarded as the former treasure of the Andechs counts. He was first brought to the ducal court chapel in Munich. In 1394, the Three Holy Hosts came back to Andechs, later other parts. Soon a lively pilgrimage to the mountain began.

The Andechs pharmacy list was also drawn up at that time . It is a historical directory of medicines and gives an overview of the medicines of the late Middle Ages .

In 1416 the old castle chapel, which was now used for pilgrimage, was subordinated to the Canons of Dießen . Between 1423 and 1427 the canons had a three-aisled late Gothic hall church built for the numerous pilgrims . The missing relics were also returned to Andechs by 1425. It was then that the name Holy Mountain , which is still used today, was created . In 1438, Duke Ernst founded a canon monastery for secular priests to look after the relics and pilgrims and slowly pushed back the influence of Dießen. At that time, the first inn on the Holy Mountain Andechs was mentioned in a document, establishing a long tradition at Andechs Monastery.

Benedictine monastery 1455–1803

Duke Albrecht III. von Bayern converted the Andechs monastery into a Benedictine monastery on March 17, 1455 and had the necessary cloister built in the north of the church. In 1458 Andechs Monastery received its first abbot, Eberhard Stöcklin, and thus became independent.

On May 3, 1669, almost the entire monastery and the church were destroyed by fire from a lightning strike. In addition to the church, the cloister buildings north of the church and the brewery and bakery east of the church were particularly affected. The long building from 1613 in the south-east of the entire complex remained largely undamaged. Reconstruction began immediately and was completed by 1674. According to the calculations, the foundations of the old cloister from the 15th century and its south wing on the ground floor were reused. The baroque new building is still largely preserved today. His plans were delivered in 1670 by the Munich court architect Marx Schinnagl (1612–1681), which were immediately implemented by the court mason Kaspar Zuccalli with a construction team. The church tower, whose destroyed bells had previously hung in an octagon at the height of the church roof, was raised and received the spherical dome that exists today. The new enclosure, built on the old building lines, had three floors, which were grouped around a cross courtyard and cloister . The monks' cells were arranged on the two upper floors in the west and north. The library was in the south wing. In the east wing, the abbot's suite of rooms and the prince's rooms for high-ranking visitors extended above the refectory on the ground floor.

For the 300th anniversary of the church and monastery, Abbot Bernhard Schütz had Johann Baptist Zimmermann give the abbey church its current Rococo furnishings from 1751–1755 .

As part of the secularization throughout Bavaria in 1803, the Andechs monastery was dissolved. The pilgrimage church has since been owned by the Free State of Bavaria. The private owners of the monastery changed frequently until 1846.

Benedictine monastery since 1850

In 1846 King Ludwig I of Bavaria acquired the buildings and goods of the former Andechs Monastery and donated it in 1850 to the Benedictine Abbey of St. Boniface in Munich, which he founded.

Wilhelm Busch liked to come to Andechs at a young age and processed impressions in his Pious Helene : High from a gracious place, the tavern and chapel beckons ...

In 1929, Cardinal Bertram from Wroclaw gave the monastery the relics of St. Hedwig's skull. Hedwig pilgrimages have been taking place since 1943.

During the Second World War , valuable cultural assets were stored in Andechs.

In 1964 a fire in an outbuilding of the monastery, which has housed the monastery shop since 1890, completely destroyed the roof structure and the stucco ceiling from the Wessobrunn school and severely damaged the building.

In 1977 the House of Wittelsbach set up a family cemetery near the pilgrimage church. Several members of the house are also buried inside the pilgrimage church, of which Prince Heinrich (1922-1958), a son of Crown Prince Rupprecht who died in Argentina , was the last. His grave is in the Sorrowful Chapel , a side chapel of the pilgrimage church.

In 1982 Carl Orff was also buried in the Sorrowful Chapel .

For the 550th anniversary, thousands of pilgrims made a pilgrimage to the Holy Mountain in 2005. In this anniversary year, the long-term restoration of the pilgrimage church was completed and the new organ of the Jann company was consecrated.

Andechs Monastery as a company

The estate includes a monastery brewery, gastronomy, agriculture and a conference and cultural center.

Name and trademark law

For years the monastery has been involved in legal disputes against various competing food manufacturers for the rights to the name “Andechs”. In 2008 the Federal Supreme Court confirmed the position of the monastery against Bayerische Gastronomie AG to have exclusive rights to the brand "Der Andechser" and the company name "Kloster Andechs". The monastery is also in a legal dispute with the Andechser dairy about the exclusivity of the name use.

brewery

The Andechs monastery brewery is owned by the Benedictine Abbey of Sankt Bonifaz in Munich and Andechs. It is one of the few monastery breweries in Germany that runs an existing religious order completely independently of a group. The annual beer output is over 100,000 hectoliters of beer and now comprises eight types, including an alcohol-free wheat beer since 2016.

gastronomy

Around five percent of the output of Andechser Klosterbier is served on the Holy Mountain in the Andechser Bräustüberl, on the terrace and in the monastery inn.

Licensor

The monastery issues licenses so that companies can advertise with the Andechs monastery brand within the framework of product partnerships. According to our own information, there is always a collaboration behind this, which also affects the formulation of the products. In addition to bread, they also offer snuff and bacon.

Carl Orff Festival Andechs

The worldwide importance of the work of Carl Orff and the fact that Carl Orff is buried in the Sorrowful Chapel of the pilgrimage church at his own request, felt the monastery as an obligation to lay a basis for long-term care of Orff's works on the Holy Mountain. This resulted in the Carl Orff Festival Andechs as a music and theater festival that has taken place every summer since 1998, from May to August, on the Holy Mountain not far from the grave of Carl Orff. As a result of differences between the monastery and the Carl Orff Foundation, the festival was suspended at the end of July 2015.

people

Abbots and administrators from Andechs to secularization

Benedict (1455-1458), administrator
  • Eberhard Stöcklin from Wolfratshausen (1458–1462)
  • Johannes I. Hausmann from Landsberg (1462–1475)
  • Andreas Oertl from Tölz (1475–1492)
  • Johann II. Von Schrattenbach from Dietmannsried (born in Kaufbeuren) (1492–1521)
  • Christoph Rieter, nobleman von Bocksberg near Wertingen (1521–1529)
  • Johann III. Wiedemann (1530)
Benedikt Stickl (1530–1540), administrator
Andreas and Eberhard, Canons of Polling (1541), administrators
  • John IV Seyfried (1561)
  • Leonhard II Hofmann (1561–1565)
Georg Gänsdorfer (1565–1568), administrator
Georg Zimmermann (1568/1569), administrator
Caspar Kübel (1569–1570), administrator
Joachim Kircher (1570–1588), administrator
  • David Aichler from Mindelheim (1588–1596), postulated from the Ottobeuren monastery
  • Alexander Sautter (1596–1600) became abbot of Ottobeuren
  • Johann V. Chrysostomus Huttler (1600–1610), died of the plague at the age of 35
  • Michael Einslin (1610-1640)
  • Maurus I. Friesenegger (1640–1655)
  • Cölestin Probst (1655-1665)
  • Maurus II. Rambeck (1666–1685)
  • Quirin Wessenauer (1685–1704)
  • Maurus III. Brown (1705–1746)
  • Bernhard Schütz from Wessobrunn (1746–1759)
  • Meinrad Moosmüller (1759–1767)
  • Joseph Hörl (1767–1775)
  • Johann VI. Baptist Bergmann (1755–1790)
  • Gregor Rauch (1791–1803) († March 25, 1812)

Abbots of the Abbey of St. Boniface in Munich and Andechs

More people

  • P. Nonnosius Madlseder (1730–1797), composer
  • Carl Orff (1895–1982), composer. Orff last lived within sight of the Holy Mountain Andechs and was buried at his own request in the Sorrowful Chapel , a side chapel of the pilgrimage church.
  • P. Magnus Sattler (upper 1858–1873, prior 1873–1900, † 1901)
  • P. Augustin Engl (Prior 1900-24)
  • P. Maurus Rath (Prior 1924-52)
  • P. Daniel Gerritzen (Cellerar 1968–86, Prior 1976–82)
  • P. Anselm Bilgri (Cellerar 1986-2004, Prior 1994-2004)

Andechs as the burial place of the Wittelsbach family

Andechs Monastery has served the Wittelsbach family as a burial site since the Middle Ages. A number of elderly members of the house are buried inside the pilgrimage church. Following on from this tradition, the former Bavarian royal house under Duke Albrecht set up its own family cemetery near the pilgrimage church in 1977, which was inaugurated in the same year with the transfer of several coffins from other burial sites . The cemetery complex, surrounded by high whitewashed walls, is located in the south of the monastery garden and is now the main burial place of the Wittelsbachers. The family cemetery is not open to the public.

Pilgrimage church

Klosterberg von Andechs (2013)

Inside the pilgrimage church are buried:

Family cemetery

The following are buried in the family cemetery:

Of these people, Prince Konrad , Prince Konstantin , Prince Adalbert and Princess Bona were initially buried in St. Michael (Munich) and were transferred here in 1977.

See also : Tombs of European Monarchs

literature

  • Karl Bosl (ed.): Andechs: the holy mountain from the early days to the present , Munich 1993.
  • Josef Kirmeier / Evamaria Brockhoff (ed.): Dukes and saints. The sex of the Andechs-Meranians in the European High Middle Ages , Munich 1993 - Catalog for the state exhibition in Andechs Monastery 1993 (publications on Bavarian history and culture 24/93)
  • Toni Aigner: The Andechs healing community. Religion and Politics in the House of Wittelsbach . Kirchheim, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3874101257 .
  • Hartmut Kühne: Ostensio reliquiarum. Investigations into the origin, expansion, form and function of the healing orders in the Roman-German Regnum . de Gruyter, Berlin [a. a.] 2000, ISBN 978-3110165692 . . Here on the healing treasure of Andechs Monastery: pp. 348–377.
  • Peter T. Lenhart: Andechs. A travel and reading book . Allitera Verlag, Munich 2009. ISBN 978-3-86520-321-2

Web links

Commons : Andechs Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Andechs Monastery  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The foundation of the Benedictine monastery in 1455. In: andechs.de. March 16, 2015, accessed December 20, 2016 .
  2. ↑ The Andechs pilgrimage. In: andechs.de. April 28, 2015, accessed December 20, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Andechs Monastery - Spiritual Center. In: andechs.de. April 28, 2015, accessed December 20, 2016 .
  4. ↑ The monastery brewery. In: andechs.de. October 27, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Bräustüberl. In: andechs.de. November 21, 2016, accessed December 20, 2016 .
  6. ↑ The older history of this reliquary is still very controversial. The main open question is whether parts of it were laid out at the time of the Andechs counts / dukes. Kühne 2000, here p. 348ff, offers a balanced overview. on the sources and literature.
  7. ↑ Gabriele Dischinger: The baroque monastery on the Holy Mountain. A contribution to building history, in: Karl Bosl; Odilo Lechner; Wolfgang Schüle; u. a. (Ed.): Andechs the holy mountain. From the early days to the present, Munich 1993, pp. 190–199.
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Fruth: State building obligation on churches in Upper Bavaria - an exhibition of the government of Upper Bavaria, s. Page 14. Government of Upper Bavaria, 2007, archived from the original on December 22, 2016 ; accessed on December 21, 2016 (German).
  9. ↑ Andechs Monastery: Pastoral Care, Economic Assets & Social Commitment . March 26, 2015 ( andechs.de [accessed December 21, 2016]).
  10. ↑ The Andechs monastery shop. Andechs Monastery Brewery, accessed on July 12, 2014 .
  11. ^ Christian Bolley: Conflagration in the monastery shop. Andechser Bergecho, April 10, 2014, p. 16 , accessed on July 12, 2014 (1st edition).
  12. ↑ http://www.jacobite.ca/gazetteer/Germany/images/Andechs_Henry.jpg
  13. ↑ Thomas Dietz: Andechs Monastery: Soul balm on the Holy Mountain . Mittelbayerischer Verlag KG. Archived from the original on April 20, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
  14. ↑ Andechs Monastery (ed.): Brochure Andechs Monastery since 1455 , approx. 2008, p. 2
  15. ↑ Article: Federal Court of Justice strengthens naming and trademark rights of the Andechs Monastery of November 10, 2008 on medals accessed online on November 10, 2008
  16. ↑ Compulsory break in the cheese dispute. sueddeutsche.de , December 9, 2011, accessed on November 18, 2012 .
  17. ↑ No peace in Andechs. sueddeutsche.de , February 14, 2012, accessed on November 18, 2012 .
  18. ↑ Bizarre trademark dispute divides Andechs. Wirtschaftswoche , June 9, 2012, accessed on November 18, 2012 .
  19. ^ Peasants' revolt against Andechs Monastery. quer , November 15, 2012, archived from the original on June 29, 2013 ; Retrieved November 18, 2012 .
  20. ↑ Andechs Monastery: THE MONASTERY BREWERY . October 27, 2016 ( andechs.de [accessed February 10, 2017]).
  21. ↑ Andechs Monastery: PLEASURE FOR BODY & SOUL -
    ANDECHS BEER SPECIALTIES     . February 1, 2017 ( andechs.de [accessed February 10, 2017]).
  22. ↑ Andechs Monastery (ed.): Brochure Andechs Monastery since 1455 , approx. 2008, p. 3
  23. ↑ Andechs Monastery (ed.): Brochure Andechs Monastery since 1455 , approx. 2008, p. 4
  24. ↑ Michael Hartig: Die Oberbayerischen Stifts , Volume I: The Benedictine, Cistercian and Augustinian canons . Publisher vorm. G. J. Manz, Munich 1935, DNB 560552157 , p. 82 f.
  25. ↑ Anselm Bilgri on orden-online.de
  26. ↑ Hans Rall , Guide through the Munich Fürstengrüfte - Wittelsbacher Lebensbilder from Kaiser Ludwig to the present , Munich 1979, pp. 138-139
  27. ↑ Hans Rall , Guide through the Munich Fürstengrüfte - Wittelsbacher Lebensbilder from Kaiser Ludwig to the present , Munich 1979, pp. 138-139
  28. ↑ https://www.merkur.de/lokales/regionen/koenigliche-grabstaetten-heiligen-berg-145242.html
  29. ↑ https://www.merkur.de/lokales/regionen/koenigliche-grabstaetten-heiligen-berg-145242.html
  30. ↑ http://www.mittelbayerische.mobi/mobile/article/681588.html?useformat=webkit
  31. ↑ http://www.royaltyguide.nl/countries/germany/andechs/klosterfriedhof.htm

Coordinates: 47 ° 58 ′ 28 ″  N , 11 ° 10 ′ 59 ″  E